Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)

“We will be known forever by the tracks we leave.”

“हमारी पहचान हमेशा हमारे द्वारा छोड़ी गई उपलब्धियों से होती है।”

“It is a man's own mind, not his enemy or foe that lures him to evil ways.”

“यह व्यक्ति की स्वयं सोच ही होती है जो उस बुराईयों की तरफ ले जाती हैं न कि उसके दुश्मन।”

“He is able who thinks he is able.”

“वह व्यक्ति समर्थ है जो यह मानता है कि वह समर्थ है।”

“The fear itself shivers from one thing - fearlessness.”

“निडरता से डर को भी डर लगता है।”

“Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.”

“जीवन में अनेक विफलताएं केवल इसलिए होती हैं क्योंकि लोगों को यह आभास नहीं होता है कि जब उन्होंने प्रयास बन्द कर दिए तो उस समय वह सफलता के कितने करीब थे।”

Fruits Name (फलों के नाम)

Date	खजूर
Grape	अंगूर
Groundnut	मूंगफली
Peanut	मूंगफली
Apple	सेब

Vegetable Name (सब्जियों के नाम)

लौकी	Gourd
सीताफल , पेठा	Red Pumpkin
इमली	Tamarind
नीबु	lemon
शिताफल, सरीपा	Custard Apple

Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)

Internet Explorer
A web browser developed by Microsoft Corporation to compete with Netscape.

Intranet
A network inside a company or organization that uses the same kinds of software found on the Internet, but is only for internal use. A company web server available only to employees would be an Intranet.

IP Number
(Internet Protocol Number) - A unique number consisting of 4 parts separated by dots. 123.45.678.9 could be an IP number. Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number. Most machines also have one or more domain names that are easier for people to remember.

IRC
(Internet Relay Chat) - A large multi-user live chat facility. There are a number of major IRC servers around the world that are linked to each other. Anyone connected to IRC can create a channel or chat room, and all others in the channel see everything that everyone types.

ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network) - A high-speed way to move data over existing phone lines. In theory, it can provide speeds of roughly 128,000 bits-per-second; in practice, most people will be limited to 56,000 or 64,000 bits-per-second.

ISOC
(Internet SOCiety) - Based in Herndon, Virginia, the Internet Society promotes the Internet and coordinates standards.

ISP
(Internet Service Provider) - A business that provides access to the Internet and WWW in some form, usually for pay.

Identity access management (IAM)
An identity management access (IAM) system is a framework for business processes that facilitates the management of electronic identities. The framework includes the technology needed to support identity management.
IAM technology can be used to initiate, capture, record and manage user identities and their related access permissions in an automated fashion. This ensures that access privileges are granted according to one interpretation of policy and all individuals and services are properly authenticated, authorized and audited.

IButton
An iButton is a microchip similar to those used in a smart card but housed in a round stainless steel button of 17.35mm x 3.1mm - 5.89mm in size (depending on the function). The iButton was invented and is still manufactured exclusively by Dallas Semiconductor mainly for applications in harsh and demanding environments.
Like a smart card, an iButton does not have an internal power source. It requires connection to a reader (known as a Blue Dot Receptor) in order to be supplied with power and to receive input and send output. Unlike some smart cards, there are currently no contactless iButtons:
they require physical contact with a reader to function.

Icacls
icacls is a command-line utility that can be used to modify NTFS file system permissions in Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista and Windows 7. It builds on the functionality of similar previous utilities, including cacls, Xcacls.exe, Cacls.exe, and Xcacls.vbs.
With icacls, administrators can view or modify access control lists for files and folders, to help understand and fix inherited permissions. Icacls inheritance options can be used to apply permissions to parent and child objects throughout the file structure.

Ice
Ice, jello, and liquid are related terms describing three approaches to controlling content placement on a Web page. Because the browser user can control and change both screen resolution and window size, the Web page designer is challenged to design a page that will achieve its intended effect in spite of user resizing.
An ice page is one in which the primary content has a fixed width in pixel and assumes a left margin alignment. Such a page is designed to display optimally on one particular display resolution setting and window size and either specifies or assumes that size. If the resolution is set to a different setting, the page may have unneeded space on the right size of the display window, but this is a risk that the designer chooses to take.

Identity chaos (password chaos)
Identity chaos (sometimes called password chaos) is a situation in which users have multiple identities and passwords across a variety of networks, applications, computers and/or computing devices. To further complicate matters, each of the user's passwords may be subject to different rules, allow access at different security levels, and expire on different dates. Such a situation can lead to security risks. Because people have to remember so many different passwords, they may choose very simple ones and change them infrequently. A frequent tactic for remembering passwords -- affixing them to your computer on a sticky note -- is even worse. Security experts suggest that a password should be an unpredictable and reasonably long string of mixed numbers and letters, which makes it harder to crack. Unfortunately, such a password is also harder for the user to remember, especially if it is one of many. According to some reports, calls to resolve password issues often overburden help desk resources.

Identity theft
Identity theft is a crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of personal information, such as Social Security or driver's license numbers, in order to impersonate someone else. The information can be used to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim, or to provide the thief with false credentials. In addition to running up debt, an imposter might provide false identification to police, creating a criminal record or leaving outstanding arrest warrants for the person whose identity has been stolen.

Idoru
An idoru is a virtual (computer-created) media star. If real pop music stars sometimes seem to become the conception of their producers' dreams, perhaps it would be simpler to start from scratch and design your own media star to perform (think of a fully-developed hologram singing and dancing before tens of thousands of insane fans in Central Park), be interviewed by Rolling Stone , and even evolve and grow older! The idea is explored in the novel, Idoru , by science-fiction writer William Gibson.

Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)

Word	Meaning	अर्थ
Aquarium	Vessel in which fish and water plants are kept.	मछलीशाला, जलजीवशाला
Aquatic	Animals live in water.	जलचर, जलीय
Arbitrator	A person appointed by parties to settle the disputes between them	मध्यस्थ, पांच
Archaeology	A study of ancient things	पुरातत्व विज्ञान
Aristocracy	A Government by the Nobles	अभिजात वर्ग

Spice/utensils/Food Grains (स्पाइस / बर्तन / अनाज)

अफीम	poppy
लाल मिर्च	red chilli
भुना हुआ चना	roasted gram
नमक	salt
केसर	saffron

Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)

Famous Antonym

ध्वंस	(demolish)	निर्माण	(construct)
भूषण	(decoration,ornament)	दूषण	(fault,pollution)
संकीर्ण	(narrow)	विस्तृत	(vast)
सृजन	(make)	संहार	(destroy)

Synonyms (समानार्थक)

Delicate - Fragile	नाजुक - नाजुक
Destiny - Fate	भाग्य - भाग्य
Disclose - Reveal	खुलासा - रिवील
Discount - Reduction	छूट - न्यूनीकरण
Disgrace - Shame	अपमान - शर्म की बात

ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)

Idioms : Do good & cast in to the river.

Hindi Equivalent: नेकी कर दरिया में डाल .

Meaning: भलाई करने के बदले में कुछ अपेक्षा न रखना .

Idioms : Diamonds cut diamonds.

Hindi Equivalent: लोहा लोहे को काटता है .

Meaning: शक्तिशाली को शक्तिशाली ही हरा सकता है .

Idioms : A burnt child dreads the fire. / Once bitten twice shy.

Hindi Equivalent: दूध का जल छाछ को भी फूंक – फूंक कर पीता है .

Meaning: एक बार गलती हो जाने पर व्यक्ति सावधान हो जाता है .

Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)

appointment	नियुक्ति
approach	तरीका
approximately	तकरीबन
April	अप्रैल
are	है
arm	हाथ
arrive	पहुँच
art	कला
Asia	एशिया

Meeting a friend (एक दोस्त से मिलना कि बातचीत)

Vicky:	नमस्ते? Hello?
Ben:	नमस्ते विक्की Hi Vicky.
Vicky:	क्या आप अभी वहाँ है? Are you there yet?
Ben:	हाँ Yes.
Vicky:	मैं बस सबवे से निकला. मैं बस वहाँ पहुँच ही रहा हूँ. माफ़ कीजिये कि मुझे देर हो गयी I just got off the subway. I'm almost there. Sorry I'm late.
Ben:	वह कोई बात नहीं है. मैं बस आपसे यह कहना चाहता था कि मैं अन्दर हूँ That's no problem. I just wanted to tell you I'm inside.
Vicky:	आप कहाँ है? Where are you?
Ben:	दूसरी मंजिल पर On the second floor.
Vicky:	क्या मुझे दूसरी मंजिल पर आना चाहिए या आप पहली मंजिल पर आना चाहते है? Should I come to the second floor or do you want to come to the first floor?
Ben:	ऊपर आईये Come upstairs.
Vicky:	क्या? What?
Ben:	ओह, क्या आप मुझे ठीक से सुन सकते है? मैंने कहा, दूसरी मंजिल पर आईये Oh, Can you hear me OK? I said, come to the second floor.
Vicky:	ओह ठीक है. आप वहाँ क्या कर रहे है? Oh, OK. What are you doing there?
Ben:	बस अंग्रेजी कैसे सीखते है उस पर कुछ किताबें देख रहा हूँ Just looking at some books on how to learn English.
Vicky:	क्या आप बाद में कुछ खाने के लिए लेना चाहते है? Do you want to get something to eat later?
Ben:	नहीं, मैं अभी भी रात के खाने से भरपूर हूँ No, I'm still full from dinner.
Vicky:	आप क्या करना चाहते है? What do you want to do?
Ben:	मुझे ठीक से पता नहीं. जब आप यहाँ आयेंगे, उसके बारें में बात करेंगे I don't know for sure. When you get here we'll talk about it.
Vicky:	ठीक है, आप से जल्दी मिलता हूँ OK, see you soon.
Ben:	अल्विदा Bye.

Your English is so good (आपकी अंग्रेजी इतनी अच्छी है कि बातचीत)

Sara:	थॉमस आपकी अंग्रेजी बहुत अच्छी है. आपने कैसे सीखी? Thomas your English is so good. How did you learn it?
Thomas:	मेरे देश में पहली कक्षा से लेकर सब को अंग्रेजी लेना है. मैं अभी बारह सालों से अंग्रेजी ले रहा हूँ Well, in my country everyone has to take English starting in the first grade. I've been taking English courses for 12 years now.
Sara:	वाह, वह दिलचस्प है. मुझे याद है जब हमने पिछले साल वह सफ़र किया था और तुम्हारे परिवार से मिले थे. मुझे ऐसा लगा था कि बहुत सारे लोग नहीं थे जो मुझसे अंग्रेजी में बात कर सकते थे Wow, that's interesting. I remember when we took that trip last year and visited your family. It seemed like there weren't many people that could speak with me inEnglish.
Thomas:	वह इसलिए है कि वे उतना ज्यादा अंग्रेजी नहीं बोलते Oh, that's because they don't speak English that much.
Sara:	लेकिन वे पाठशाला में बोलते है, न? हो सकता है कि मैं उनको नहीं थी इसलिए वे मुझसे बात नहीं करना चाहते थे But they speak it in school, right? Maybe they just didn't like me so they didn't want to talk to me.
Thomas:	नहीं, असल में आप उनको बहुत पसन्द आई. उन्होंने मुझसे कहा कि उनको लगा था कि आप बहुत अच्छी है. वे बस बहुत शर्मीली हैं. उनको विदेशियों से बात करने की आदत नहीं है. मुझे याद है जब मैं पहली बार अमरीका आया था मुझे लोगों से बात करने में बहुत दर लग रही थी No, actually they liked you a lot. They told me they thought you were very nice. They are just shy. They're not use to talking with foreigners. I remember when Ifirst came to the U.S. I was really nervous about speaking with people.
Sara:	अच्छा. मैंने सोचा था कि आपके देश में अंग्रेजी पढाने वाले बहुत सारे अमरीकी है? I see. I thought there were lots of Americans teaching English in your country.
Thomas:	हाँ, वह सच है. शायद पांच साल पहले के मुकाबले आज लगभग दो गुने है, लेकिन वे ज़्यादातर शहरों में है. मेरा परिवार गाँव में रहता है Yes, that's true. There are probably twice as many now as there were five years ago, but they are mostly in the cities. My family lives in the country.
Sara:	जाने क्यों. निजी तौर पर, मैं शहर से ज्यादा गाँव को पसन्द करती हूँ. वह इतना शांत और शांतिपूर्ण है. अगर मुझे पढाना होता, तो मैं गाँव में पढाती I wonder why. Personally I prefer the country to the city. It's so quiet and peaceful. If I were to teach, I would want to teach in the country.
Thomas:	क्या आपको लगता है कि आप किसी दिन पढाना चाहती है? मैं जानता हूँ कि मेरे गाँव के आसपास वाले पाठशालाएं अध्यापकों के तलाश में है. इसलिए अगर आप चाहती है तो मैं उनको फोन करके और जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकता हूँ Do you think you would want to teach someLesson? I know the schools around my town are looking for teachers, so if you want I can call them and get moreinformation.
Sara:	नहीं, मुझे नहीं लगता. मुझे वहाँ एक साल ठहरना पडेगा और मुझे नहीं लगता कि मैं उतना वक़्त काम से ले सकती हूँ No, I don't think so. I would need to stay there for a year, and I don't think I can take that much time off work.
Thomas:	खैर, अगर आपने अपना इरादा बदला तो मुझे बताईये. मेरे ख्याल से आप बहुत अच्छी अध्यापिका बनेंगी Well, if you change your mind, let me know. I think you would be a really great teacher.

Gifts (तोफ़े कि बातचीत)

Jonathan:	डोरथी, क्रिसमस की आपकी क्या योजनाएँ है? Dorothy what are your plans for Christmas?
Dorothy:	अरे हाँ, लगभग च्र्सित्मस हो गया है, न? मुझे पक्का पता नहीं कि मैं तब क्या करूँगी Oh yes, it's almost Christmas, isn't it. I'm not sure what I'll be doing then.
Jonathan:	वैसे अगर आपकी कोई योजना नहीं है तो आपका परिवार मेरे घर में खाना खा सकता है Well, if you don't have any plans, you family could have dinner at my house.
Dorothy:	शुक्रिया बड़ी मेहरबानी है आपकी. क्या आपने अपनी खरीददारी पूरी कर ली? That's very nice of you, thanks. Have you finished your shopping yet?
Jonathan:	नहीं, मुझे अभी भी वह करना है. मुझे लगता है कि मैं इस वीकेंड को मॉल जाऊँगा No, I still have to do that. I think I'll go to the mall this weekend.
Dorothy:	मॉल में बहुत भीड़ रहेगी. आपको ऑनलाइन खरीददारी करनी चाहिए It's going to be really crowded at the mall. You should shop online.
Jonathan:	आप सही कह रही है. मेरे परिवार को पढना बहुत पसन्द है, इसलिए शायद मैं उन सब केलिए अमज़ोन.कॉम से भेंट खरीद सकता हूँ You're right. My family loves to read, so I can probably get them all presents from Amazon.com.
Dorothy:	आप अपनी पत्नी के लिए क्या खरीदने जा रहें है? What do you think you'll get for your wife?
Jonathan:	शायद एक प्रेम लीला का उपन्यास. ऐसा लगता है कि वह हर वक़त वाही पढ़ती रहती है Probably a romance novel. It seems like she's always reading one of those.
Dorothy:	क्या आपको नहीं लगता कि आपको उनके लिए कुछ ज्यादा महंगी चीज़ खरीदनी चाहिए, जैसे ज़ेवर या शायद एक नया कंप्यूटर? Don't you think you should get her something a little more expensive, like jewelry or maybe a new computer?
Jonathan:	शायद आप ठीक कह रही है. भेंट खरीदना मुश्किल है. मुझे लगता है कि मेरी पत्नी के पास वह सब कुछ है जो उसको चाहिए. शायद मुझे बस उस से पूछना चाहिए Maybe you're right. It's hard buying gifts. I think my wife has everything she wants. Maybe I should just ask her.

Election (चुनाव कि बातचीत)

Karen:	मार्टिन, तुम किस के लिए मत देने जा रहे हो? Martin, who are you going to vote for?
Martin:	तुम्हारा मतलब है राष्ट्रपति के लिए? You mean for president?
Karen:	हाँ Yes.
Martin:	मुझे अभी पक्का पता नहीं I'm not sure yet.
Karen:	तुम्हे जल्दी फैसला करना चाहिए. चुनाव अगले महीने है You should make up your mind soon. The election is next month.
Martin:	हाँ, मैं जानता हूँ. मैं उसके बारें में हर रोज़ ख़बरों में सुनता हूँ Yes, I know. I hear about it every Lesson on the news.
Karen:	मैं ओबामा के लिए मत देने जा रही हूँ I'm going to vote for Obama.
Martin:	मुझे लगता है कि वे अच्छे पसन्द है, लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि मेक कैन भी अच्छे राष्ट्रपति हो सकते है I think he is a good choice, but I think McCain would make a good president also.
Karen:	मैं जानती हूँ. वे दोनों अच्छे है. फैसला करना मुश्किल है. मेक कैन ज्यादा बूढे है लेकिन उनके पास ज्यादा तजुर्बा है. ओबामा के पास अच्छे विचार है लेकिन कुछ लोग कहते है कि वे शुल्क बढ़ाना चाहते है I know. They're both good. It's hard to decide. McCain is older but he has more experience. Obama seems to have a lot of good ideas, but some people say he wantsto raise taxes.
Martin:	मैंने सुना है कि वे शुल्क कम कराना चाहते है. सच का पता लगाना मुश्किल है. यही वजह है कि मैं राजनीति पर ज्यादा ध्यान नहीं देता I heard he wants to lower taxes. It's hard to know what the truth is. That's the reason I really don't pay attention to politics.
Karen:	हाँ, बहुत निराश होने वाली बात हो सकती है, लेकिन ज़रूरी है और देखने में दिलचस्प है Yes, it can be frustrating, but it's important and it's interesting to watch.

SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)

Abbreviation	Description
BD	Big Deal
BF	Boyfriend
BFF	Best Friends Forever
BFN	Bye For Now
BITMT	But in the meantime
BKA	Better Known As

Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)

Emotions	Meaning
:-9	Delicious
:-e	Disappointed
:3-]	Dog
:-))	Double Chin
:*)	Drinking every night

Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)

Double Negatives

A double negative is when two negatives used in a sentence cancel each other out to make a positive. This must not be misunderstood to mean that double negatives are an accepted grammatical device; they are grammatically incorrect and must not be used.

How does one avoid double negatives? It is quite simple. When using the negative form of a verb (e.g.aren’t, don’t, won’t, etc), do not follow it up with a negative determiner/quantifier (e.g. nowhere, nothing, never, etc). Consider the following sentences:

They aren’t going nowhere.

They don’t do nothing.

They won’t never stop.

All of the above employ the double negative, and are hence grammatically incorrect. Formerly, the double negative was a device for emphasis, but the effort to make English conform grammatically to formal logic has rendered it unacceptable toLesson. Logically, the meanings of the above sentences, deduced by applying the formula negative + negative = positive, are:

They are going somewhere. (aren’t + nowhere = somewhere)

They do something. (don’t + nothing = something)

They will stop. (won’t + never = will)

The ban on multiple negatives also applies to combination with adverbs such as hardly and scarcely.It is therefore regarded as incorrect to say‘I couldn't hardly do it’or‘The vehicle has scarcely no fuel.’

English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की टिप्स)

Personalize your learning

Many people misspell words but the words they misspell vary from person to person. In addition to learning the rules, you might want to create a personal spelling list in which you record and study the words you tend to misspell frequently. Some of those words will fall under the general rules listed above, which will make them easier to remember; however, there is simply no avoiding having to memorize some of them.

Ultimately, the words you learn to spell will be those that you make the most effort to learn. Don't get discouraged if you fall short. Spelling is an art and with all the rules and exceptions to the rules, it is not an easy task to master. Keep challenging yourself.

Homophones

Homophones are words that sound the same as other words but have entirely different meanings. They are sometimes even spelled the same. This can be very confusing to someone who is learning the English language, or to someone who simply has difficulty with homophones. However, it can be very helpful to someone who is trying to make a funny joke using puns. Keep reading for some examples of the types of homophones that are out there.

Homonyms

Homonyms, or homographs, are homophones that are both spelled the same and pronounced the same. However, both words have different meanings from each other. For example "rose" and "rose" are homonyms. A rose is a flower. Yet, the word "rose" can also be used as the past tense of the word "rise," as in "I rose from the couch to take a look outside."

Heterographs

Heterographs are homophones that are spelled differently yet sound the same. They also have different meanings from each other. The words "to," "too," and "two" are perfect examples of this. The word "to" is a preposition, as in "I'm going to the store." The word "too" can mean "also," as in "My friends are going to the store, too." The word "two" is a unit of measurement, as in "Two of my friends are going to the store, too."

Multinyms

Multinyms are basically more advanced heterographs. This is to say that a word can have up to seven different spellings and be pronounced exactly the same in each case. Yet, all seven words will have completely different meanings from each other. An example of this can be found in the words "Chile," "chili," and "chilly." "Chile" is a country. "Chili" is a kind of food. "Chilly" is a descriptive word used when someone is feeling cold, but not freezing cold.