Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)
“Action
itself, so long as I am convinced that it is right action, gives
me satisfaction.”
“स्वयं
कर्म, जब तक मुझे यह भरोसा होता है कि यह सही कर्म है, मुझे संतुष्टि
देता है।”
“It had
long since come to my attention that people of accomplishment
rarely sat back and let things happen to them. They went out and
happened to things.”
“मैंने
काफी समय से यह देखा है कि सफल व्यक्ति बैठ कर घटनाओं का इंतजार नहीं
करते हैं अपितु वे आगे बढ़ते हैं और कार्य को अंजाम देते हैं।”
“To
accomplish great things, we must not only act but also dream. Not
only plan but also believe.”
“महान
कार्यों को पूरा करने के लिए न केवल हमें कार्य करना चाहिए बल्कि
स्वप्न भी देखने चाहिए। न केवल योजना बनानी चाहिए, अपितु विश्वास भी
करना चाहिए।”
“Real
confidence comes from knowing and accepting yourself - your
strengths and your limitations - in contrast to depending on
affirmation from others.”
“दूसरों
की पुष्टि पर निर्भर करने की तुलना में स्वयं को जानने तथा स्वीकार
करने- अपनी शक्तियों तथा अपनी सीमाओँ को जान लेने से वास्तविक
विश्वास की उत्पत्ति होती है।”
“A
positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will
annoy enough people to make it worth the effort.”
“सकारात्मक सोच से संभवतः आपकी सभी समस्याएं हल नहीं होंगी,
लेकिन इससे पर्याप्त संख्या लोग ईर्ष्या करेंगे कि यह प्रयास करना
बहुमूल्य होगा।”
Fruits Name (फलों के नाम)
| Pear |
नाशपाती |
| Waternut |
सिंघाड़ा |
| Pineapple |
अनानास |
| Mulberry |
शहतूत |
| Pine nut |
चिलगोज़ा |
Vegetable Name (सब्जियों के नाम)
| Cabbage |
बंद गोभी |
| Knol-khol |
गाँठ गोभी |
| Chilli |
मिर्च |
| Cow pea |
लोबिया |
| Ginger |
अदरक |
Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)
Luddite
A
Luddite is a person who dislikes technology, especially
technological devices that threaten existing jobs or interfere with
personal privacy.
lumen
The lumen
(symbolized lm) is the International Unit of luminous flux. It is
defined in terms of candela steradians (cd multiplied by sr). One
lumen is the amount of light emitted in a solid angle of 1 sr, from
a source that radiates to an equal extent in all directions, and
whose intensity is 1 cd.
Lynx
Lynx is
a keyboard-oriented text-only Web browser that was developed at the
University of Kansas primarily for students who used UNIX
workstations. It has also been rewritten to run on VMS operating
systems for users of VT100 terminals.
Macintosh
Macintosh is a line of desktop and laptop computers developed by
Apple. Each Macintosh computer, or Mac, runs a version of the Mac
OS, Apple's desktop operating system. Since 2001, all Macs have
run Mac OS X, a redesigned version of the original Mac OS that was
built from the NeXTSTEP operating system.
The original
Macintosh, released in 1984, was the first personal computer to
have a graphical user interface, or GUI. It was in all-in-one
machine with a color display and included a mouse and a keyboard.
Over the past several decades, Apple has released many new types of
Macintosh computers, including all-in-one models, system units
(which do not include a monitor), and portable computers.
MANET
Stands for "Mobile Ad Hoc Network." A
MANET is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and
configure itself on the fly. Because MANETS are mobile, they use
wireless connections to connect to various networks. This can be a
standard Wi-Fi connection, or another medium, such as a cellular or
satellite transmission.
Some MANETs are restricted to a
local area of wireless devices (such as a group of laptop
computers), while others may be connected to the Internet. For
example, A VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network), is a type of MANET
that allows vehicles to communicate with roadside equipment. While
the vehicles may not have a direct Internet connection, the
wireless roadside equipment may be connected to the Internet,
allowing data from the vehicles to be sent over the Internet. The
vehicle data may be used to measure traffic conditions or keep
track of trucking fleets. Because of the dynamic nature of MANETs,
they are typically not very secure, so it is important to be
cautious what data is sent over a MANET.
Margin
Margin is a page layout term used in both print and Web publishing.
In print, "margin" typically refers to page borders,
while on the Web it describes the spacing between elements on a
webpage.
markup language
A markup
language is a computer language that uses tags to define elements
within a document. It is human-readable, meaning markup files
contain standard words, rather than typical programming syntax.
While several markup languages exist, the two most popular are HTML
and XML.
matrix
A matrix is a grid
used to store or display data in a structured format. It is often
used synonymously with a table, which contains horizontal rows and
vertical columns.
While the terms "matrix" and
"table" can be used interchangeably, matrixes (or
matrices) are considered more flexible than tables. For example,
tables generally have a fixed number of rows and columns, while the
size of a matrix may change dynamically. The term
"matrix" may also be used to refer to a table that has
groups of columns within a single row.
megahertz
One megahertz (abbreviated
MHz) is equal to 1,000 kilohertz,
or 1,000,000 hertz. It can also be described as one million cycles
per second. Megahertz is used to measure wave frequencies, as well
as the speed of microprocessors.
Radio waves, which are used
for both radio and TV broadcasts, are typically measured in
megahertz. For example, FM radio stations broadcast their signals
between 88 and 108 MHz. When you tune to 93.7 on your radio, the
station is broadcasting at a frequency of 93.7 MHz.
megapixel
A megapixel is one million pixels. It is
commonly used to describe the resolution of digital cameras. For
example, a 7.2 megapixel camera is capable of capturing roughly
7,200,000 pixels. The higher the megapixel number, the more detail
the camera can capture. Therefore, the megapixel count is a
significant specification to look for when buying a digital camera.
A camera's megapixel number is calculated by multiplying the
number of vertical pixels by the number of horizontal pixels
captured by the camera's sensor, or CCD. For example, the
original Canon Digital Rebel captures 2048 vertical by 3072
horizontal pixels, for a total of 6,291,456 pixels (2048 x 3072).
Therefore, it is estimated to be a 6.3 megapixel camera. The Sony
T10 captures 3072 x 2304 pixels, totaling 7,077,888, which makes it
a 7.2 megapixel camera (because not all the pixels are used).
memory bank
A memory bank is a designated
section of computer memory used for storing data. Much like
financial bank, a memory bank serves as a repository for data,
allowing data to be easily entered and retrieved. Banks are
organized into logical units that are ordered consecutively,
providing easy to access individual items.
Memory banks are
commonly used for caching data. By storing frequently used
information in memory banks, the data can be accessed quickly and
easily. This speeds up common tasks that are run within the
operating system and other programs. Various applications may also
use memory banks to store data while the program is running.
Metadata
Metadata describes other data. It
provides information about a certain item's content. For
example, an image may include metadata that describes how large the
picture is, the color depth, the image resolution, when the image
was created, and other data. A text document's metadata may
contain information about how long the document is, who the author
is, when the document was written, and a short summary of the
document.
Mini DV
Most digital
camcorders record video and audio on a Mini DV tape. The cassettes
measure 2.6 x 1.9 x 0.5 inches (L x W x H), while the tape itself
is only 0.25 inches thick. A Mini DV tape that is 65 meters long
can hold an incredible 11GB of data, or 80 minutes of digital
video.
The small size of Mini DV tapes has helped camcorder
manufacturers reduce the size of their video cameras significantly.
Some consumer cameras that use Mini DV tapes are smaller than the
size of your hand. Because Mini DV tapes store data digitally, the
footage can be exported directly to a computer using a Firewire
(IEEE 1394) cable. So if you want to record video and edit it on
your computer, avoid the SVHS and Hi-8 options and make sure to get
a camera that uses Mini DV.
MIPS
Stands for "Million Instructions Per Second." It is a
method of measuring the raw speed of a computer's processor.
Since the MIPS measurement doesn't take into account other
factors such as the computer's I/O speed or processor
architecture, it isn't always a fair way to measure the
performance of a computer. For example, a computer rated at 100
MIPS may be able to computer certain functions faster than another
computer rated at 120 MIPS.
The MIPS measurement has been
used by computer manufacturers like IBM to measure the "cost
of computing." The value of computers is determined in MIPS
per dollar. Interestingly, the value of computers in MIPS per
dollar has steadily doubled on an annual basis for the last couple
of decades.
MMS
Stands for
"Multimedia Messaging Service." MMS is mobile phone
service that allows users to send multimedia messages to each
other. This includes images, videos, and sound files.
MMS is
an extension of SMS, which is used to send and receive text
messages. Like text messages, multimedia messages are first
transmitted to a central server maintained by the cellular service
provider. Once the message has been received by the server, it is
forwarded to the recipient. If the recipient's phone is off or
she does not have cell phone service when the message is sent, the
server will hold the message and send it once the recipient's
phone is available.
Mnemonic
A
mnemonic (pronounced "nemonic") is a pattern that can be
used as an aid for memorizing information. Most often, this pattern
consists of letters or words. For example, the phrase "Every
Good Boy Does Fine" can be used to help music students
remember the notes of the staff, E, G, B, D, and F. The name
"Roy G. Biv" is often used to memorize the order of
colors in a rainbow (or other light spectrum) -- Red, Orange,
Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.
While initials of words
are commonly used as mnemonic devices, rhyming words and poems can
also be used to memorize information. Furthermore, images can be
associated with words or phrases to help memorize them. Because the
human brain organizes information in "chunks," mnemonics
help people categorize information better, which makes it easier to
remember.
Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)
| Word |
Meaning |
अर्थ |
| Bigamy |
Practice of having
two wives or husbands |
द्विपत्नीत्व,
द्विविवाह |
| Bigot |
One who has narrow
and prejudiced religious views |
कट्टर, धर्मांध |
| Bilingual |
A person who
speaks two languages |
द्विभाषी |
| Biography |
A life history
written by somebody else |
जीवनी |
| Biology |
The science which
treats with life |
जीव-विज्ञान |
Spice/utensils/Food Grains (स्पाइस / बर्तन / अनाज)
| Dryginger |
सोंठ |
| Parsley |
अजवायन |
| Cinnamon |
दाल चीनी |
| Clove |
लौंग |
| Coriander
seed |
धनिया |
Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)
Synonyms (समानार्थक)
| Funny - Amusing |
अजीब बात है - मनोरंजक |
| Garbage - Trash |
कूड़ा - कचरा पेटी |
| Get - Receive |
प्राप्त - जाओ |
| Glad - Happy |
मुझे खुशी है कि - हैप्पी |
| Glitter - Sparkle |
चमक - चमक |
| Good - Fine |
अच्छा - ललित |
ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)
Idioms : As you sow, so shall
you reap.
Hindi Equivalent: जैसा
बोओगे वैसा काटोगे.
Meaning:
कर्म के हिसाब से ही फल मिलता
है .
Idioms : More to it than
meets the eye
Hindi Equivalent: दाल में
काला.
Meaning:
कुछ गड़बड़ होना .
Idioms : Between the devil
and the deep sea.
Hindi Equivalent: आगे कुआँ
पीछे खाई. / आसमान से गिरा खजूर में अटका.
Meaning : हर तरफ मुसीबत होना.
Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)
| because |
क्योंकि |
| become |
बनना |
| become |
बनना |
| bed |
बिस्तर |
| bedroom |
शयनकक्ष |
| beef |
गाय की मांस |
| beer |
बियर |
Taking pictures (तस्वीरें लेना कि बातचीत)
| William: |
माफ़ कीजिये
श्रीमान, क्या आप हमारी एक तस्वीर खींचेंगे?
Excuse me, sir, will you take a picture of us?
|
| Susan: |
बिलकुल. यह बहुत
अच्छी कैमरा है
Sure. This is a really nice camera.
|
| William: |
शुक्रिया, मेरे
माता-पिता ने मुझे दिया था
Thanks, my parents gave it to me.
|
| Susan: |
इसको कैसे इस्तेमाल
करते है?
How do you use it?
|
| William: |
यहाँ यह बटन दबाते
है
You press this button here.
|
| Susan: |
थोड़ा नज़दीक आईये.
रुकिए, वह बहुत नज़दीक है. थोड़ा बायें तरफ जाईये. और थोड़ा पीछे
जाईये. ठीक है, वहीँ ठहरिये
Come a little closer. Wait, that's too close. Move a little to the left. Move back a little farther. OK, stay right there.
|
| William: |
क्या आपका मतलब
यहाँ है?
Do you mean here?
|
| Susan: |
हाँ, वह अच्छा
रहेगा. उफ़, मुझे पता नहीं यह काम कैसे करता है?
Yes, that's good. Oh, I can't get it to work.
|
| William: |
आपको ३ क्षण के लिए
बटन को दबाये रखना है
You need to hold down the button for about 3 seconds.
|
| Susan: |
अच्छा, समझ गयी.
क्या आप तैयार है?
OK I got it, are you ready?
|
| William: |
हाँ
Yes. |
| Susan: |
मुस्कुराईये
Smile. |
I dropped your calculator (मैंने आपका कैलकुलेटर गिरा दिया कि
बातचीत)
| Thomas: |
नमस्ते ट्रेसी.
क्या चल रहा है?
Hi Tracy. What's going on?
|
| Tracy: |
नमस्ते थॉमस. मैं
डीवीडी खरीदने केलिए कतार में इंतज़ार कर रही हूँ
Hi Thomas. I'm waiting in line to buy a DVD player.
|
| Thomas: |
कतार बहुत लम्बा
है. आप कल वापस क्यों नहीं आ जाती?
The line is too long. Why don't you come back tomorrow.
|
| Tracy: |
मुझे लगता है कि आप
सही है. वे जल्दी बन्द करने जा रहें हैं
I think you're right. They're going to close soon.
|
| Thomas: |
चलिए, हम काफ़ी
पीने चलते हैं
Let's go get some coffee.
|
| Tracy: |
ठीक है. एक मिनट
इंतज़ार कीजिये. मुझे अपने बटुए से कुछ निकालना है. क्या आप मेरे
लिए यह पकड़ सकते है?
OK. Wait a minute, I have to get something out of my purse. Will you hold this for me?
|
| Thomas: |
बिलकुल. ओफो
Sure. Oops. |
| Tracy: |
क्या हुआ?
What happened? |
| Thomas: |
मैंने आपका
कैलकुलेटर गिरा दिया. क्या वह टूटा है?
I dropped your calculator. Is it broken?
|
| Tracy: |
मुझे ठीक से पता
नहीं. मुझे देखने दीजिये. नहीं, मुझे नहीं लगता कि टूटा है. लेकिन
बटन निकल आया है. मैं उसको ठीक करा सकती हूँ
I'm not sure. Let me have a look. No, I don't think it's broken. The button came off though. I can fix it.
|
| Thomas: |
उसके बारें में
माफ़ी चाहता हूँ
Sorry about that.
|
| Tracy: |
फिकर मत कीजिये.
मैं यह हर वक़्त करती रहती हूँ. अगर वह टूटा है, तो मेरे पास
गाड़ी में दूसरा है
Don't worry about it. I do that all the time. If it is broken, I have another one in my car.
|
I brought you an apple (मैंने आपके लिए सेब खरीदा है कि बातचीत)
| Richard: |
आप यहाँ कैसे
पहुँची?
Hey, how did you get here?
|
| Jennifer: |
मैंने अपनी साइकल
चलाई
I rode my bike.
|
| Richard: |
सुचमुच? आपने ऐसा
क्यों किया? मैं आपको लेने आ सकता था
Are you serious? Why did you do that? I could have picked you up.
|
| Jennifer: |
कोई बात नहीं है.
मैं आपको परेशान नहीं करना चाहती थी. मैं जानती हूँ कि आप जल्दी
उठाना पसन्द नहीं करते
That's OK, I didn't want to bother you. I know you don't like to wake up early.
|
| Richard: |
बड़ी मेहरबानी है
आपकी. क्या आपको ठंड नहीं लग रही है?
That's so nice of you. Aren't you cold?
|
| Jennifer: |
नहीं, मैंने कोट
पहना था
No, not really. I wore a coat.
|
| Richard: |
थैली में क्या है?
What's in the bag? |
| Jennifer: |
यह ख़ास किसम का
सेब है
It's a special type of apple.
|
| Richard: |
अच्छा? क्या मैं एक
आज़मा सकता हूँ? यह बहुत मीठा है
Oh. Can I try one? It's very sweet.
|
| Jennifer: |
मैंने इस पर शक्कर
डाला है. ये सेब बहुत अच्छे है. ये हर एक सिर्फ ३० सेंट के है
I put sugar on it. These apples are really good. They were only 30 cents each.
|
| Richard: |
क्या वे बाज़ार के
सेबों से ज्यादा मंहगे नहीं है?
Aren't those more expensive than the ones at the supermarket?
|
| Jennifer: |
हाँ, ज्यादा मंहगे
है, लेकिन ज्यादा स्वादिष्ट है
Yeah, they're more expensive, but they taste better.
|
| Richard: |
क्या आपने कोई और
फ़ल खरीदा?
Did you buy any other fruit?
|
| Jennifer: |
सेब के अलावा,
मैंने संत्रे और केले खरीदे
Well, besides the apples, I bought oranges and bananas.
|
SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)
| Abbreviation |
Description |
| DH |
Dear Hubby or
Husband |
| DIKU |
Do I Know You |
| DIY |
Do it yourself |
| DL |
Download |
| DND |
Do Not Disturb |
| DUST |
Did You See That? |
Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)
| Emotions |
Meaning |
| o[-<]: |
I am a skater or I
like to skate |
| @:-} |
Just Back From
Hairdresser |
| :-T |
Keeping a Straight
Face |
| :) |
Kid smiley |
| :-x |
Kiss |
Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)
Have
Has
‘Have’ and ‘has’ are
both used to denote possession, form the perfect tense, and the
past tense of both is ‘had’, but they are used
differently.
‘Have’ is used with
- the following pronouns: I, you, we, they. Examples :
'I have a pencil.' 'We have a big house.'
- pluralised nouns: Example : 'Doctors have a rough time,
dealing with illnesses all the time.'
‘Has’ is used with the third person singular (he, she,
it). Examples : 'She has your money.' 'Amit has the
book.'
English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की
टिप्स)
Word Games
Whether
you enjoy crossword puzzles or Scrabble, these word games can
really force you to grow your vocabulary. If you enjoy Scrabble,
make sure you always understand the meaning of the words your
opponent is using. Serious Scrabble players will also take time
reading the dictionary to find the highest scoring words. Don't
just memorize those high scoring words, though. Make sure that you
understand the meaning of each word that you use.
The best way to really get new words that you learn to be a
permanent part of your vocabulary is use them yourself. Each of
these tips are very simple, and do not require much additional
effort. All it takes to learn new words is an awareness of when you
hear or read a new word. By taking note of these new words and
making an effort to learn their meaning and use them later, you can
improve your vocabulary very quickly.
Creative Writing
If
you have difficulty writing more than just bare bones, then you
need to learn how to flesh out your stories or characters. You need
to find a balance. If you add in too much information, it will be
difficult for your readers to find the plot through all of the
descriptors. Funnily enough, the opposite is true, too, as too
little information will leave your readers confused, unable to
identify the storyline or the characters. Finding just the right
balance takes practice and skill, and these tips will help you
figure out how to find that balance in your own writing.
Be Sure to Provide Accurate
Descriptions
You
do not want to overburden your readers with too much information,
but similarly, you do not want to leave them wondering what is
going on because the descriptions are too sparse. Include
information about characters like hair color, eye color, and face
shape. Also, you can spread the descriptions out. You don't
need to give the reader the complete description of a character all
in one go. If you spread the description of a character out, your
reader will better absorb it. Readers have a tendency to skip over
information if it is not relevant to the plot, so if you give them
a huge chunk, they will consciously or unconsciously skip it. By
parsing it out bit by bit, your reader will be less likely to skip
over it. However, unless it is important, you do not need to
include descriptions of their clothing each time you mention them.
Offer Additional Emotional
Descriptors in Conversations
Dialogue
can come across as choppy and short. If you don't include
enough information with your dialogue, you'll leave your reader
confused. Be sure to include relevant information in your dialogue
such as the way that your characters are standing, movements they
make while talking, or their facial expressions, all of which are
emotional descriptors that can tell a reader about your
characters' states of mind during the conversation. Often,
these descriptors are more revealing than simple statements of
emotion. For instance, if you want to describe your character as
"nervous," rather than just adding the simple tag
"she said nervously" to the dialogue, try describing how
she's moving, such as noting that she paced while she spoke or
chewed her nails. That clues your reader in to what is going on in
the character's mind, but it is also a more vivid image than
just simply stating the character's emotion.
Read through the Paragraphs to
Eliminate Bland Language
One
of the problems that creative writers have is the habit of using
the same language over and over again. If you're like other
writers, you'll have common English phrases you'll find
yourself repeating, though the type of phrases will vary from
writer to writer. Once you have identified these bland areas, flesh
out your writing by adding in better wording and eliminating these
bland phrases. Instead of saying "Savannah screamed at
him," try to expand it to "Savannah raised her voice to
such a shrill level that she saw him wince as she opened her mouth
a second time to get his attention." You don't need to
make this type of change every time you use a bland phrase, but it
is a good way to add depth and nuisance to your writing.