Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)
“Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps
you going.”
“प्रेरणा
कार्य आरम्भ करने में सहायता करती है। आदत कार्य को जारी रखने में
सहायता करती है।”
“In my
experience, there is only one motivation, and that is
desire.”
“मेरे
अनुभव के अनुसार, केवल एक ही प्रेरणा होती है और वह है इच्छा।”
“The most
important thing about motivation is goal setting. You should
always have a goal.”
“प्रेरणा
के पीछे सबसे महत्वपूर्ण बात लक्ष्य तय करना होता है। आपका हमेशा एक
लक्ष्य अवश्य होना चाहिए।”
“The
difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of
strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather in a lack of
will.”
“एक सफल
व्यक्ति और असफल व्यक्ति में साहस का या फिर ज्ञान का अंतर नहीं होता
है बल्कि यदि अंतर होता है तो वह इच्छाशक्ति का होता है।”
“Forget
about all the reasons why something may not work. You only need to
find one good reason why it will.”
“उन सभी
कारणों को भूल जाएं कि कोई कार्य नहीं होगा। आपको केवल एक अच्छा कारण
खोजना है कि यह कार्य सफल होगा।”
Vegetable Name (सब्जियों के नाम)
| Radish |
मूली |
| Tomato |
टमाटर |
| Sweet potato |
शकरकंद |
| Mint |
पुदीना |
Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)
Nanomachine (nanite)
A nanomachine, also called a nanite, is a mechanical or
electromechanical device whose dimensions are measured in
nanometers (millionths of a millimeter, or units of 10 -9 meter).
Nanomachines are largely in the research-and-development
phase, but some primitive devices have been tested. An example is a
sensor having a switch approximately 1.5 nanometers across, capable
of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample. The first
useful applications of nanomachines will likely be in medical
technology, where they could be used to identify pathogens and
toxins from samples of body fluid. Another potential application is
the detection of toxic chemicals, and the measurement of their
concentrations, in the environment.
NNTP
(Network News Transfer Protocol) - The protocol used by client and
server software to move a USENET posting over a TCP/IP network.
Most common web browsers use an NNTP connection to participate in
newsgroups.
NanoManipulator
The
nanoManipulator is a specialized nanorobot and microscopic viewing
system for working with objects on an extremely small scale. The
system was designed by the Center for Computer Integrated Systems
for Microscopy and Manipulation (CISMM) at the University of North
Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill. The term nanoManipulator is a
trademark of the current manufacturer, 3rd Tech Inc of Durham,
North Carolina.
Node
Any single
computer connected to a network.
Napster
Napster is a controversial application that allows people to share
music over the Internet without having to purchase their own copy
on CD. After downloading Napster, a user can get access to music
recorded in the MP3 format from other users who are online at the
same time. You can simply type in the name of an artist or song,
receive a list of what's available, and then download the music
from another user's hard drive. Users need to continually check
the Napster directory since the music that is available depends on
who is online at the time.
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology (the engineering
of tiny machines) to the prevention and treatment of disease in the
human body. This evolving discipline has the potential to
dramatically change medical science.
Established and
near-future nanomedicine applications include activity monitors,
chemotherapy, pacemakers, biochip s, OTC tests, insulin pumps,
nebulizers, needleless injectors, hearing aids, medical flow
sensors and blood pressure, glucose monitoring and drug delivery
systems.
Network access control (NAC)
Network access control (NAC), also called network admission
control, is a method of bolstering the security of a proprietary
network by restricting the availability of network resources to
endpoint devices that comply with a defined security policy.
A traditional network access server (NAS) is a server that
performs authentication and authorization functions for potential
users by verifying logon information. In addition to these
functions, NAC restricts the data that each particular user can
access, as well as implementing anti-threat applications such as
firewalls, antivirus software and spyware-detection programs. NAC
also regulates and restricts the things individual subscribers can
do once they are connected. Several major networking and IT vendors
have introduced NAC products.
NAS Appliance
A NAS appliance is a type of commodity hardware that includes its
own dedicated storage disks and RAID that can easily scale as more
capacity is needed. NAS appliances help businesses protect
corporate data, enable file-sharing among employees and remote
connectivity.
A NAS (network-attached storage)
appliance typically uses protocols such as the one associated with
the Network File System NFS to operate as a file server, releasing
other servers from that responsibility. Other NAS appliance
benefits include faster data access, easier administration and
simplified configuration. Each appliance has its own dedicated
storage disks and RAID.
OCX
An OCX is
an Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) custom control, a
special-purpose program that can be created for use by applications
running on Microsoft's Windows systems.
OCXs
provide such functions as handling scroll bar movement and window
resizing. If you have a Windows system, you'll find a number of
files in your Windows directory with the OCX file name suffix.
Open Directory Project
Open Directory Project
(ODP) is a human-edited index of Web sites, also known as DMOZ, an
acronym for "Directory Mozilla." ODP is hosted and
administered by Netscape Communications and Weblogs, Inc and is
associated with the Mozilla browser. According to the official Web
site, ODP hosts the largest and most comprehensive Web site
directory in the world.
OC-3 and OC-12
High-speed data links capable of transferring data at 155 and 622
Megabits-per-second respectively. OC-3’s and OC-12’s
are replacing T-3’s as the backbones of the Internet.
OCTAVE
OCTAVE (Operationally Critical Threat,
Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation) is a security framework for
determining risk level and planning defenses against cyber
assaults. The framework defines a methodology to help organizations
minimize exposure to likely threats, determine the likely
consequences of an attack and deal with attacks that succeed.
OCTAVE is designed to leverage the experience and expertise of
people within the organization. The first step is to construct
profiles of threats based on the relative risk that they pose. The
process goes on to conduct a vulnerability assessment specific to
the organization.
OpenCourseWare MIT
OpenCourseWare (OCW) is an educational initiative developed by the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to make the core
teaching materials for all MIT graduate and undergraduate classes
available at no cost to Internet users around the world. OCW has
been compared to the open source software movement because course
materials on the OCW site will be "open and freely available
worldwide for non-commercial purposes such as research and
education, providing an extraordinary resource, free of charge,
which others can adapt to their own needs". MIT President,
Charles M. Vest, anticipates that within ten years, lecture notes,
course outlines, reading lists and assignments for over 2000 MIT
classes will be freely available on the OCW Web site.
Office for Civil Rights
The Office for Civil Rights
(OCR) is an organization within the U.S. Department of Health &
Human Services (HHS). OCR works closely with both doctors and
patients to ensure that every patient knows their rights and
privacies concerning personal health information and medical
treatment options.
Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)
| Word |
Meaning |
अर्थ |
| Brittle |
Hard but liable to
be easily broken |
खस्ता, भंगुर |
| Bullion |
Gold or Silver
before using for manufacturing ornaments |
चंडी सोने की ईंट |
| Bureaucracy |
A Government by
the officials |
नौकरशाही,
अधिकारी-वर्ग |
| Caducity |
The infirmity of
old age. |
नशवरता |
| Calligraphy |
The art of
beautiful hand writing. Elegant penmanship. |
सुलेखन, |
Spice/utensils/Food Grains (स्पाइस / बर्तन / अनाज)
| Saffron |
केसर |
| Turmeric |
हल्दी |
| Big
cardamom |
बड़ी इलायची |
| Bay leaf |
तेजपात |
Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)
Synonyms (समानार्थक)
| Hard - Difficult |
हार्ड - मुश्किल |
| Hazard - Danger |
खतरा - खतरा |
| Help - Assist |
मदद - असिस्ट |
| Hint - Tip |
सुझाव - टिप |
| Huge - Enormous |
भारी - भारी |
ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)
Idioms : It is no use crying
over spilt milk.
Hindi Equivalent: अब पछताए होत
क्या जब चिड़िया चुग गई खेत.
Meaning : कुछ हो जाने
के बाद उस पर पछताना नहीं चाहिए.
Idioms . First catch your
hare/ Mind your own business
Hindi Equivalent : पहले अपना देखो
तब दुसरो को बोलो
Idioms . Red handed/ flat
footed
Hindi Equivalent : रंगे हांथो:
Meaning
: Ramesh was caught red handed
Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)
| beside |
के बाजू में |
| best |
सबसे अच्छा |
| bet |
शर्त |
| better |
बेहतर |
| between |
के बीच में |
| bicycle |
साइकल |
| big |
बड़ा |
I changed my mind (मैंने अपना इरादा बदल दिया कि बातचीत)
| Ellen: |
केविन, तुम क्या
करना चाहते हो?
Kevin, what would you like to do?
|
| Kevin: |
पता नहीं. शायद
टीवी देखना
I don't know. Maybe watch TV.
|
| Ellen: |
अच्छा विचार है. हम
बाद में खरीददारी करने जा रहें हैं, इसलिए मुझे लगता है कि तुमको
थोडी देर केलिए आराम करना चाहिए
That's a good idea. We're going shopping later so I think you should rest for a while.
|
| Kevin: |
मुझे नहीं लगता कि
अभी भी जाना चाहता हूँ
I don't think I want to go anymore.
|
| Ellen: |
क्या मतलब है?
मैंने सोचा था कि तुमने कहा हम खरीददारी करने जा रहें हैं
What do you mean? I thought you said we were going shopping.
|
| Kevin: |
मुझे पता है, लेकिन
मैंने इरादा बदल दिया. मैं अभूत थका हुआ हूँ
I know, but I changed my mind. I'm too tired.
|
| Ellen: |
खैर, मुझे फिर भी
बहुत साड़ी चीज़ें खरीदनी है. तुम्हे क्या लगता है कि हम कब जा
सकते हैं?
Well, I still have a lot of stuff to buy. When do you think we'll go?
|
| Kevin: |
शायद आज रात को
Maybe tonight. |
| Ellen: |
ठीक है, अगर मैं
तुम्हारा फोन इस्तेमाल करुँ तो क्या तुम्हे ऐतराज़ होगा?
OK, would you mind if I use your phone?
|
| Kevin: |
माफ़ कीजिये,
सिग्नल नहीं है
Sorry I don't have signal.
|
| Ellen: |
क्या तुम मज़ाक कर
रहे हो? आमतौर से मुझे यहाँ अच्छी रिसेप्शन मिलती है
Are you kidding? I usually have really good reception here.
|
| Kevin: |
मेरी फोन बहुत
पुरानी है और वह ठीक से काम नहीं कर रही है
My phone is very old and it doesn't work very well.
|
| Ellen: |
अगर मैं इसको बाहर
लेकर जाऊं तो?
What if I take it outside?
|
| Kevin: |
हाँ, वह ठीक है. यह
बाहर अच्छी तरह काम करती है
Yes, that's fine. It works well outside.
|
Do you want to play a game? (क्या आप एक खेल खेलना चाहते/चाहती है?
कि बातचीत)
| Erica: |
एंड्र्यू, क्या आप
खेलना चाहते है?
Andrew, would you like to play a game?
|
| Andrew: |
ठीक है, किस किसम
का खेल?
OK, what kind of game?
|
| Erica: |
हम ताश खेलते है?
क्या आप ब्लेक जैक खेलना जानते है?
Lets play cards? Do you know how to play Blackjack?
|
| Andrew: |
हाँ, वह एक आसान
खेल है. मैं अब वह खेलना नहीं चाहता
Yes, that's an easy game. I don't want to play that right now.
|
| Erica: |
ठीक है, क्या आपको
याद है की पोकर कैसे खेलते है?
OK, Do you remember how to play poker?
|
| Andrew: |
हाँ, मुझे लगता है,
लेकिन आपको मुझे फिर से नियम समझाने पड़ेंगे
I think so, but you're going to have to explain the rules to me again.
|
| Erica: |
ठीक है. इस कागज़
के टुकड़े को देखिये. इस पर सारे नियम है.
OK. Look at this piece of paper. It has all the rules on it.
|
| Andrew: |
ठीक है. हाँ, अब
मैं याद करता हूँ. मुझे लगता है कि आखरी बार हमने जब यह खेल खेला
था, तब आप जीती थी और मैं हारा था
OK, yes. I remember now. I think the last time we played this game, you won and I lost.
|
| Erica: |
हाँ, वह मजेदार था
Yes, that was fun. |
| Andrew: |
ठीक है, खेलते हैं,
लेकिन इस बार मैं पैसों कि शर्त लगाना नहीं चाहता
OK, let's play, but this time I don't want to bet money.
|
| Erica: |
ठीक हैं, हम शर्त
नहीं लगाएंगे. हम सिर्फ मज़े के लिए खेलेंगे
OK, we won't bet. We'll just play for fun.
|
BirthLesson present (जन्मदिन तोफ़ा कि बातचीत)
| Jimmy: |
एंजेला, अन्दर आईये
Angela, come in. |
| Angela: |
जन्मदिन मुबारक हो
Happy BirthLesson! |
| Jimmy: |
शुक्रिया. मुझे
यकीन नहीं आ रहा है कि आपको वह याद रहा
Thanks. I can't believe you remembered that.
|
| Angela: |
मेरे कंप्यूटर में
कैलेंडर है. वह ऐसी चीज़ें याद रखने में मेरी मदद करती है. आप
क्या करने वाले है?
Well, I have a calendar in my computer. It helps me remember things like that. What are you up to?
|
| Jimmy: |
मैं एक किताब पढ़
रहा हूँ जो मेरे चचेरे भाई ने मुझे अपने जन्मदिन के लिए दिया था
I'm reading a book my cousin gave me for my birthLesson.
|
| Angela: |
मुझे देखने दीजिये.
मेरे पास घर में यह किताब है. मैं अभी आपको एक तोफा देना चाहती
हूँ.
Let me see. Oh, I have this book at home. I want to give you a present too.
|
| Jimmy: |
वाह, गिटार है.
मेरे पास पहले से एक है, लेकिन मुझे यह बेहतर लगता है. शुक्रिया
Wow, it's a guitar. I already have one, but I like this one better. Thank you.
|
| Angela: |
धन्यवाद. क्या आप
गिटार बजाना जानते है?
You're welcome. Do you know how to play the guitar?
|
| Jimmy: |
हाँ, मैं बजाना
जानता हूँ. जब मैं छोटा था, तब मेरे पिताजी ने मुझे सिखाया था
Yeah, I know how to play. My father taught me when I was young.
|
| Angela: |
क्या आप उसको अब
बजायेंगे? मैं कुछ संगीत सुनना चाहती हूँ
Will you play it now? I want to listen to some music.
|
| Jimmy: |
ठीक है. क्या आप
इसको जानती है?
OK. Do you know this one?
|
| Angela: |
हाँ, मैंने उसको
सुना है. मैं जब मध्य विद्यालय में थी, तब वह गाना गा सकती थी
Yeah, I've heard that one. I could sing that song when I was in middle school.
|
| Jimmy: |
यह पुराना वाला है.
मुझे बहुत बूढा महसूस कराता है. जब में महाविद्यालय में था, तब हर
वक़्त रेडियो पर बजाते थे
It's an old one. It makes me feel old. When I was in college they use to play it on the radio all the time.
|
SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)
| Abbreviation |
Description |
| EZ |
easy |
| F2T |
free to talk |
| FAI |
Frequently argued
issue |
| FAQ |
Frequently Asked
Questions |
| FAWC |
For Anyone Who
Cares |
| FC |
Fingers Crossed |
| FF |
Friends Forever |
Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)
| Emotions |
Meaning |
| :-9 |
Licking Lips |
| :-x |
Lips are Sealed |
| %+{ |
Lost a Fight |
| |-( |
Lost Contact
Lenses |
| X-( |
Mad |
Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)
I
and Me
Speakers of English often use
‘I’ and ‘me’ in place of each other. The
difference is actually very simple. Allow us to explain.
Let us begin with an exercise. Fill in the blanks with either
‘I’ or ‘me’ in the following sentences.
__ want to watch a movie.
This is the house
__ want to buy.
Sudhir and __ will go to Delhi.
You and __ will play toLesson.
He asked __
to drive.
She needs to pay __.
He
gave __ the key.
The answer to the first four
sentences is ‘I’ and the last three sentences is
'me'. This is because ‘I’ is a pronoun and
hence must be the subject of a verb ('I'is the first person
singular subject pronoun and will always refer to the person
performing the action of a verb).
On the other hand,
‘me’ is a pronoun that must be the object of the verb
(me is anobject pronoun and will always refer to the person that
the action of a verb is being done to.)
English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की
टिप्स)
Observe Sentence Length
Now
that you have quickly addressed repeat words and sentence openers,
make your essay, article, or story sound professional and confident
by adding more variety. One way to do that is to observe the length
of your sentences. Generally, simple sentences with one clause will
be shorter than a compound sentence with more than one subject or
predicate. If your essay, article, or story has nothing but simple
sentences or all compound sentences, vary it. There is no shortcut
for this. You simply have to choose which sentences work best as
is, and which could be improved by a change.
Look for sentence fragments, or sentences not containing a subject
or a predicate. While some people consider fragments ungrammatical,
depending on what you are writing, these are useful as long as you
use sentence fragments very sparingly.
Re-Read and Edit
You
should have expert knowledge of everything contained in your essay,
article, or story. Not just the argument or the plot, but every
word and how the words work together. The only way to do this is to
read your piece many times. You are sure to miss mistakes or not
address sentence variety after only a few reads. The more you read
your piece, the more redundancy you catch.
Sentence variety is not something your word processing grammar
program will be able to help you with. The best way to ensure that
your sentences have enough variety is to understand ahead of time
that editing is key to writing success. Repetitions will stand out
and you will have to edit in service of your piece as a whole.
Making sure your article, story, or essay has sentence variety will
give your writing a polished, authoritative feel.
Always Fall Back on Action
Even
in melodramatic speaking scenes, do not underestimate the
importance of action details, as it will also give your audience a
better visual of what is going on in the scene. Describe what the
characters are doing from time to time. Remove the writing from the
exposition by giving your audience a little background information
to consider. It's difficult to tell a story just with
exposition, and most of the time, readers will find it unappealing.
Dialogue shouldn't happen in a vacuum; rather, it should be
interspersed with the action.
Consider Reality When Looking Over
Your Writing
When
you are writing or editing, try observing people to make your
writing more realistic. Watch how they move or perform a certain
task, and then figure out how to describe it in your writing.
Observing people will add more depth and reality to your writing.
You do not want to overshadow your writing with this information.
However, using it every now and then is a good way to reinforce the
details of the story, which lends to credibility to your
writing.
When you go back over your writing,
it can be difficult to find ways to thicken up your writing without
making it too bulky. However, if you follow these tips, you should
be able to find ways to flesh out your creative writing. By
fleshing out your writing, you will be adding in realistic
behavior, as well as tension evident in human nature. These
mechanisms also help to propel the story forward naturally, as they
allow you to focus on driving the narrative.