Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)

    “Happiness depends upon ourselves.”

    “खुशी हम पर निर्भर करती है।”

    “You can learn new things at any time in your life if you're willing to be a beginner. If you actually learn to like being a beginner, the whole world opens up to you.”

    “यदि आप नौसिखिया बनने के लिए तैयार हैं तो आप अपने जीवन में किसी भी समय नई बात सीख सकते हैं। यदि आपने नौसिखिया बनना वास्तविकता में सीख लिया, तो पूरी दुनिया आपके सामने खुल जाती है।”

    “I am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul.”

    “मैं अपने भाग्य का नियंत्रक हूं, मैं अपनी आत्मा का नियंता हूं।”

    “Plan your work and work your plan.”

    “अपने कार्य की योजना बनाएं तथा अपनी योजना पर कार्य करें।”

    “The vision must be followed by the venture. It is not enough to stare up the steps - we must step up the stairs.”

    “कल्पना के उपरांत उद्यम अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए। सीढ़ियों को देखते रहना पर्याप्त नहीं है - हमें सीढ़ियों पर अवश्य चढ़ना चाहिए।”

Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)

Tiger
This ferocious cat is the code name for Mac OS X 10.4, released April 29, 2005. Tiger follows a list of other felines in the Mac OS X lineup, including Panther (10.3), Jaguar (10.2), Puma (10.1), and Cheetah (10.0). Apple originally used the cat names as internal names for the operating system development, but actually started to market the names with the release of Jaguar.

According to Apple, Tiger includes over 200 improvements from Mac OS X 10.3. A few of the most notable additions include an enhanced search feature called "Spotlight," an internal scripting program called "Automator," and quick information access via widgets from the new "Dashboard." Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger is a feature-rich operating system that some may consider as a serious alternative to Windows.

Telnet
An Internet protocol allowing a PC to connect to a host computer and use that computer as if you were locally connected. This often provides the ability to use all the software and capabilities of the host computer.

Trash
When you delete a file or folder on a Macintosh computer, it is stored in the Trash. In early versions of the Mac OS, the Trash was located on the desktop, but in Mac OS X, it is found in the Dock. The Trash icon is an empty trash bin when the Trash is empty and changes to a full trash bin when there are items in the Trash.

Trinitron
Trinitron is arguably the best consumer CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) technology available. The technology was developed by Sony Corporation, who owns complete rights to it. The Trinitron design has helped the company lead the market in the manufacturing of TVs and monitors for many years. The difference between a Trinitron tube and most other tubes is that the Trinitron uses an aperture grille instead of a shadow mask for creating the image on the screen.

Truncate
To truncate something is to shorten it, or cut part of it off. In computer science, the term is often used in reference to data types or variables, such as floating point numbers and strings.

For example, a function may truncate the decimal portion of a floating point number to make it an integer. If the number 3.875 is truncated, it becomes 3. Note that this is different than if the number had been rounded to the nearest integer, which would be 4. Strings may also be truncated, which can be useful if a string exceeds the maximum character limit for a certain application.

Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing the source of a problem. It is used to fix problems with hardware, software, and many other products. The basic theory of troubleshooting is that you start with the most general (and often most obvious) possible problems, and then narrow it down to more specific issues.

Typeface
A typeface is a set of characters of the same design. These characters include letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols. Some popular typefaces include Arial, Helvetica, Times, and Verdana. While most computers come with a few dozen typefaces installed, there are thousands of typefaces available. Because they are vector-based (not bitmaps), typefaces can be scaled very large and still look sharp. The term "typeface" is often confused with "font," which is a specific size and style of a typeface. For example, Verdana is a typeface, while Verdana 10 pt bold is a font. It's a small difference, but is good to know.

Tcpdump
Tcpdump is an open source command-line tool for monitoring (sniffing) network traffic. Tcpdump works by capturing and displaying packet headers and matching them against a set of criteria. It understands boolean search operators and can use host names, IP addresses, network names, and protocols as arguments.

Tweak
When you modify a certain piece of hardware for better performance, it is often referred to as "tweaking" it. Overclocking the computer's CPU or changing jumper settings on the motherboard are common examples of hardware tweaking. Removing system limitations and adding plug-ins or extensions to a computer's operating system are types of software tweaking.

Tweaking a computer is much like "tuning" a car (you know, the ones with the huge mufflers, big spoilers, and pimped out rims). It may increase performance, but is best left in the hands of the technically savvy. For example, overclocking your computer's processor may cause it to crash frequently, or worse yet, overheat and destroy the CPU. So, for most people, it is best to leave well enough alone.

Thread
What do a t-shirt and a computer program have in common? They are both composed of many threads! While the threads in a t-shirt hold the shirt together, the threads of a computer program alllow the program to execute sequential actions or many actions at once. Each thread in a program identifies a process that runs when the program asks it to (unlike when you ask your roommate to do the dishes).

Thumbnail
A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines.

The term "thumbnail" was originally used to describe physical images or drawings that were miniature in size (roughly the size of a human thumbnail). However, it is now widely used to describe digital images, which are displayed on a screen. Digital thumbnails are usually between 75x75 and 200x200 pixels in size. They can also have a rectangular aspect ratio, such as 150x100 pixels.

Table
A table is a data structure that organizes information into rows and columns. It can be used to both store and display data in a structured format. For example, databases store data in tables so that information can be quickly accessed from specific rows. Websites often use tables to display multiple rows of data on page. Spreadsheets combine both purposes of a table by storing and displaying data in a structured format.

Task Bar
The task bar was introduced with Windows 95 and has been part of every version of Windows since then. It is the bar that spans the bottom of the screen and contains the Start button on the left side and the systray on the right. The task bar also includes the current time on the far right side and can hold shortcuts to programs directly to the right of the Start button.

Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)

Synonyms (समानार्थक)

Make - Build बनाओ - निर्माण
Maintain - Preserve बनाए रखें - रक्षित
Maybe - Perhaps शायद - शायद
Meeting - Assembly बैठक - सभा
Mild -Gentle हल्के कोमल

ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)

 Idioms . He makes my blood boil  

Hindi Equivalent : खून खौलाना

 Idioms . Accept unpleasant fact  

Hindi Equivalent : अपनाना

Idioms . To beat the air/ to roast a stone  

Hindi Equivalent : व्यर्थ मेहनत करना

Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)

call बुला
came आये
camera कैमरा
can सकते/सकता/सकती
Canada केनडा
Canadian कनाडियन
cancel रद्द
cancer कैंसर

During Sight-seeing (दृष्टि से देखकर बातचीत)

Question  Response 
What is worth seeing here?
Yahaan dekhane layak kya hai?
यहाँ देखने लायक क्या है? 		There are some temples and an old fort.
Vahaan kuchh mandir hain aur ek purana kila.
वहाँ कुछ मंदिर है और एक पुराना किला।
How many temples are there?
Vahaan kitne mandir hain?
वहाँ कितने मन्दिर है? 		24 temples in all but 10 of them are in ruins.
Kul chaubis mandir haiin lekin unmein se dus khandahar hai.
कुल चौबीस मन्दिर है लेकिन उनमें से दस खन्डहर है।
Where is the fort?
Kila kidhar hai?
किला किधर है? 		The fort is on the other side of river.
Kila nadi ke dusari taraf hai.
किला नदी के दुसरी तरफ है।
Please take me there.
Kripaya mujhe vahaan le chaliye.
कृपया मुझे वहाँ ले चलिये। 		With pleasure.
Khusi se.
खुशी से।
How long will it take?
Is mein kitna samay lagega?
इस मे़ कितना समय लगेगा? 		It will take about 3 hours.
Takariban teen ghante lagenge.
तकरीबन तीन घन्टे लगेंगे।
Then, take us back.
Phir, humko vapas le chalo.
फिर्, हमको वापस ले चलो। 		All right.
Theek hai.
ठीक है।

I need to do laundry (मुझे धुलाई करनी है बातचीत)

नाम:
हिन्दी/अंग्रेजी
Eric: नमस्ते ऐना, अन्दर आईये
Hi Anna, come in.
Ana: बाप रे, आपका अपार्टमेन्ट तो उलट-पुलट है
Wow, your apartment is a mess.
Eric: मैं जानता हूँ. मुझे आपके यहाँ आने से पहले चीज़ें रखने के लिए समय नहीं था.
I know, I didn't have time to put things away before you got here.
Ana: देखिये. क्या वे सब सोफे पर आपके कपडे है?
Look! Are those all your clothes on the couch?
Eric: हाँ
Yes.
Ana: क्या वे साफ़ है?
Are they clean?
Eric: असल में, वे ज़्यादातर गंदे है. मैंने बहुत समय में धुलाई नहीं की. आमतौर से मैं अपने माता-पिता के घर में करने का तक इंतज़ार करता हूँ.
Actually most of them are dirty. I haven't done laundry in a while. I usually wait until I can do it at my parent's house.
Ana: मेरी बहन और मैं, आमतौर से सड़क के नीचे वाले धुलाई घर को जाते है. आप वहाँ क्यों नहीं जाते?
My sister and I usually go to the laundromat down the street. Why don't you go there?
Eric: मुझे पता हैं, मुझे जाना चाहिए. लेकिन वह जगह ज्यादा सुविधाजनक नहीं है. आपको बहुत देर के लिए इंतज़ार करना पड़ता है
I know I should, but that place isn't very convenient. You have to wait for a long time.
Ana: मुझे पता है. मुझे हर हफ्ते करना पड़ता है. खैर, क्या आप जाने के लिए तैयार है?
Yes I know. I have to do it every week. Anyway, are you ready to go?
Eric: नहीं, मैं अभी तक तैयार नहीं हूँ. मुझे अभी भी अपना दंत मंजन करना पड़ेगा और मुँह धोना पड़ेगा. क्या आप मेरे लिए कुछ मिनट इंतज़ार कर सकती है?
No I'm not ready yet. I still have to brush my teeth and wash my face. Can you wait for a few minutes?
Ana: ठीक है, लेकिन ज़रा जल्दी कीजिये. मुझे लगता है की भोजनालय जल्दी बंद हो जायेगा
OK, but please hurry. I think the restaurant is closing soon.

SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)

Abbreviation Description
HOAS Hold On A Sec
HOT4U hot for you
HTH Hope this helps
HUA Heads up ace
HUD How You Doing?
HW Homework

Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)

Emotions Meaning
:-i Smoking a cig
:-? Smoking a pipe
:-Q Smoking while talking
:-( <| Standing Firm
:0 surprised

Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)

So Such

It is easy to get confused about the usage of ‘so’ and ‘such’, as their structures are quite similar. However, they are not one and the same in terms of meaning or usage. For example, the sentence 'He is so good friend' is glaringly wrong, as is 'The sky is such beautiful toLesson'. The difference can be illustrated using a simple formula:

  1. ‘So’ is followed necessarily by an adjective. In technical terms, it takes the adjective phrase.

    • Formula: ‘so’ + adjective + ‘that’.

    • For example: The movie was so scary that I couldn’t watch it till the end.

    • ‘that’ is optional. Therefore, the above sentence would work just as well without ‘that’: The movie was so scary, I couldn’t watch it till the end.

  2. ‘Such’ is followed by an article, the adjective, and then the noun. In technical terms, it takes the noun phrase.

    • Formula: ‘such’ + article + adjective + noun + ‘that’

    • For example: We chose such a scary movie to go for that I couldn’t even watch it till the end.

    • Again, ‘that’ is optional. If ‘that’ in the above sentence were to be replaced with a comma, it would still work.

    • Note: the article after ‘such’ is used when the noun is countable; that is to say, when it is something that can be expressed in numbers. For example, ‘car’, ‘dog’ and ‘book’ are countable nouns, as there can be a number assigned to each, such as ‘5 cars’ or ‘2 dogs’. For uncountable nouns, such as ‘food’, ‘milk’ or ‘water’ or ‘air’, the article is dropped. For example,

      1. ‘I had such good food at home the other Lesson.’

      2. ‘We were blessed with such good weather on the trip.’

English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की टिप्स)

Concrete Words

In writing, there are countless combinations of nouns, verbs, tenses, and other options to use. There are also concrete and abstract words. While abstract words merely point to something that has no physical being and refer to thoughts or actions that cannot be felt with the senses, concrete words are those involving persons, animals, or objects. These are words that appeal to the senses. Examples include spoon, table, apple, or heat. Because there are many things that you need to keep in mind while writing, here are tips to help you understand the benefits of using concrete words in your writing, and to help you distinguish between what is concrete and what is abstract.

Understanding Abstract Words

This is not as simple as it may initially seem. "Abstract" does not include everything that does not have a physical being. Heat, for example, is a concrete word, because you can feel heat. Freedom, however, is an abstract word, because one cannot measure it or show it to someone. Even though concrete words are critically important in writing, you cannot forget to take advantage of abstract words. Once you understand abstract words, concrete words will be easier to distinguish as well.

Using Concrete Words to Show, Not Tell

In writing, you want to strive for showing and not telling. Concrete words can show how an abstract word, like a feeling, affects a character. Even though abstract words have their place in writing, you want to be careful not to over use them. You can work to change an abstract idea into a concrete image. Instead of writing about how a girl was sad because she missed her mother, write how the girl reacted to missing her mother. Was she crying? Was she throwing a temper tantrum? Use these concrete words to show how a character portrays an abstract word.

Concrete Words Tell a Story Through Imagery

Instead of writing that the protagonist was truthful, use imagery to write how she was truthful. She could have returned to pay for a mistaken item at a store, or told the truth even though it was not beneficial for her. Use nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs to write a piece of work that uses imagery in place of abstract concepts. This is not to say you should never use abstract words, because they do have their place, but rather strive for a balance between concrete and abstract words in your writing.

Concrete Words are More Specific

Following the trend of showing and not telling during a written work, use concrete words to be more specific in your writing. Instead of writing "the boy ate ice cream," try using more concrete words to create the sensation of tasting the ice cream for readers. "The boy ate a bowl of peanut butter double chocolate ice cream with colored sprinkles," is a specific type of ice cream defined by concrete words, which creates a more vivid image for the reader.

Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)

Word Meaning अर्थ
Depreciate To go down in value मूल्य घटना, कीमत घटना
Dermatology Study of skin. त्वचा विज्ञान
Desert Where neither water nor vegetation is found. रेगिस्तान, मरुस्थल, बंजर
Deteriorate To go from bad to worse बिगड़ना
Dictatorship Government carried on by an absolute ruler. निरंकुशता, तानाशाही, दबंग