Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)

    “Success in life is a matter not so much of talent or opportunity as of concentration and perseverance.”

    “जीवन में सफलता इतना अधिक प्रतिभा अथवा अवसर का विषय नहीं है जितना वह लक्ष्य के प्रति प्रतिबद्धता और डटे रहने का है।”

    “Success consists of a series of little daily victories.”

    “दिन प्रतिदिन की छोटी छोटी उपलब्धियों से ही मिलकर सफलता बनती है।”

    “Success seems to be largely a matter of hanging on after others have let go.”

    “सफलता का एक ही सूत्र है और वह जब अन्य हिम्मत हार चुके हों तो भी आप डटे रहते हैं।”

    “If at first you don't succeed, try hard work.”

    “यदि आपको पहली बार में सफलता नहीं मिलती है, तो फिर से कड़ी मेहनत करें।”

    “Big shots are only little shots who keep shooting.”

    “महान उपलब्धियां, लगातार की जाने वाली छोटी छोटी उपलब्धियों का कुल योग होती हैं।”

Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)

Vaporware
Vaporware is hardware or software that has been announced, but has missed its release date by a significant amount of time. It includes both products that are eventually released and products that are never released at all.
Vaporware is typically produced when a company is over-aggressive in announcing a product release date. Since technology is a competitive field, one business can sometimes gain an advantage over another by announcing their product will be available first. However, unforeseen delays can push back the release date significantly, leading both bloggers and news publishers alike to dub the product as "vaporware."

Variable
In mathematics, a variable is a symbol or letter, such as "x" or "y," that represents a value. In algebraic equations, the value of one variable is often dependent on the value of another. For example, in the equation below, y is the "dependent variable" because its value is based on the value assigned to the "independent variable" x.
y = 10 + 2x
The equation above may also be called a function since y is a function of x. If x = 1, then y = 12. If x = 2, then y = 14.

Vector
Mathematically, a vector is a quantity, defined by both magnitude and direction. For example, a vector could be illustrated by an 1 inch arrow pointing at a 30 degree angle. Another vector may be 2.5 inches and point at a 160 degree angle. In the computer world, vectors are used to define paths in certain types of images, such as EPS files and Adobe Illustrator documents. These images are often called vector graphics since they are comprised of vectors, or paths, instead of dots. Vector graphics can be scaled larger or smaller without losing quality.

VFAT
Stands for "Virtual File Allocation Table." Older Windows operating systems (Windows ME and earlier) used a file system called "FAT" or "FAT32." The file system is what the operating system uses to organize and access files on the hard drive. VFAT, introduced with Windows 95, was an improvement to the basic FAT file system, allowing more information to be stored for each file. While the FAT file system can only store 8 characters for each file name, VFAT allows for file names up to 255 characters in length. Personally, I use the term VFAT to refer to the size of my cat.

Viral
Contrary to what you might think, the term "viral" has nothing to do with computer viruses. Instead it refers to a digital video, image, or article that has spiked in popularity and has reached a large number of users in a short period of time. While there is no exact number of views that makes something "go viral," most viral media is viewed by more than a million people in less than a week.
Viral videos are the most common type of viral media. Most viral videos are posted on YouTube, which provides free video hosting. Since YouTube has become the central location to view videos on the web, homemade videos have the potential to be viewed by millions of people around the world. While some users have success promoting their YouTube videos from other websites, most viral videos gain popularity by word of mouth. For example, if someone comes across a video that he thinks is especially amusing or shocking, he might forward the link to his friends. If his friends also like the video, they might tell their friends, who may tell other friends, etc.

Virtual Memory
Memory is hardware that your computer uses to load the operating system and run programs. It consists of one or more RAM chips that each have several memory modules. The amount of real memory in a computer is limited to the amount of RAM installed. Common memory sizes are 256MB, 512MB, and 1GB.
Because your computer has a finite amount of RAM, it is possible to run out of memory when too many programs are running at one time. This is where virtual memory comes in. Virtual memory increases the available memory your computer has by enlarging the "address space," or places in memory where data can be stored. It does this by using hard disk space for additional memory allocation. However, since the hard drive is much slower than the RAM, data stored in virtual memory must be mapped back to real memory in order to be used.

Virtual Reality
While the word "virtual" is typically overused in the computer world, it is aptly placed in the phrase "virtual reality." According to the American Heritage Dictionary, virtual means "existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name." It can also mean "created, simulated, or carried on by means of a computer or computer network." Therefore, virtual reality is best described as an illusion of reality created by a computer system.

VLE
Stands for "Virtual Learning Environment." A VLE is a virtual classroom that allows teachers and students to communicate with each other online. Class information, learning materials, and assignments are typically provided via the Web. Students can log in to the class website to view this information and may also download assignments and required reading materials to their computers. Some VLEs even allow assignments and tests to be completed online.

VRML
Stands for "Virtual Reality Modeling Language." If you think this has something to do with HTML, you're right. While HTML is the format for Web page production, VRML is a 3D navigation specification, which enables the creation of interactive 3D Web sites. With VRML, visitors can take virtual tours through buildings and view three-dimensional models of cars directly from their Web browsers. Though the technology was created by Silicon Graphics and Intervista Software a number of years ago, it still is not widely used.

Validator HTML
An HTML validator is a quality assurance program used to check Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) markup elements for syntax errors. A validator can be a useful tool for an HTML user who receives data electronically from a variety of input sources. Syntax errors, such as open tags, extra spaces, or forgotten quotation marks, can cause a Web page to look drastically different than the creator intended, or render correctly in one browser , but not in another. Verifying the integrity of HTML elements manually is repetitive and tedious work; it becomes even more complicated when different sets of validation rules, such as those for cascading style sheets ( CSS ) and Extensible Markup Language ( XML ) are included in the page. By using a validation program to systematically flag errors, the HTML user can choose whether to correct code mistakes on a case-by-case basis or correct them globally by using a "find and replace" mechanism within the program.

Value-Added Network (VAN)
A value-added network (VAN) is a private network provider (sometimes called a turnkey communications line) that is hired by a company to facilitate electronic data interchange (EDI) or provide other network services. Before the arrival of the World Wide Web, some companies hired value-added networks to move data from their company to other companies. With the arrival of the World Wide Web, many companies found it more cost-efficient to move their data over the Internet instead of paying the minimum monthly fees and per-character charges found in typical VAN contracts. In response, contemporary value-added network providers now focus on offering EDI translation, encryption, secure e-mail, management reporting, and other extra services for their customers.

Value Chain
According to John Del Vecchio writing for Fool.com, a value chain is "a string of companies working together to satisfy market demands." The value chain typically consists of one or a few primary value (product or service) suppliers and many other suppliers that add on to the value that is ultimately presented to the buying public.

Vannevar Bush
An electrical engineer by training, Vannevar Bush is credited with having the idea of hypertext or "instant cross-referencing," decades before the term itself was conceived by Ted Nelson and before the concept was widely implemented on the World Wide Web. In an article in The Atlantic Monthly in 1945, Bush described his proposed "memex" device, an electronic stored-information system, an aide-de-memoire for mankind. Humans, Bush argued, have associative memories where information is accessed by following a series of mental links and pathways. His hypertext system incorporated this idea, allowing users to tie information together logically as well as to annotate it and link the annotations to the body of data already present.

Varicode
Varicode is a method of binary character encoding in which the number of bits for each character is not fixed, but varies for each character depending on how often that character occurs in general usage. Varicode is most effective in weak-signal data transmission modes, such as PSK31 (phase-shift keying at a data speed of 31.25 baud or state changes per second) and MFSK (multiple frequency-shift keying), especially in radio-frequency (RF) wireless systems. It has become popular among amateur radio experimenters.

Vector graphics
Vector graphics is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. In physics, a vector is a representation of both a quantity and a direction at the same time. In vector graphics, the file that results from a graphic artist's work is created and saved as a sequence of vector statements. For example, instead of containing a bit in the file for each bit of a line drawing, a vector graphic file describes a series of points to be connected. One result is a much smaller file.

Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)

Synonyms (समानार्थक)

Odd - Strange	अजीब - अजीब बात है
Old - Mature	ओल्ड - परिपक्व
Ornament - Decoration	आभूषण - सजावट
Outgoing - Friendly	निवर्तमान - हितैषी
Overlook - Miss	अनदेखी - मिस

ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)

Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)

centimeters	सेंटीमीटर
cents	सेंट्स
certainly	बेशक
chair	कुर्सी
chance	मौका
change	बदल
change	छुट्टे
channel	चैनल

Who is that woman? (वह औरत कौन है? कि बातचीत)

Bindu:	जोसफ, वह औरत कौन है? Matadin, who is that woman?
Matadin:	वह सूसन है That's Susan.
Bindu:	वह क्या काम करती है? What does she do for work?
Matadin:	वह वकील है She's a lawyer.
Bindu:	क्या वह अमरीकी है? Is she American?
Matadin:	नहीं, लेकिन वह बहुत अच्छी अंग्रेजी बोलती है No, but she speaks English fluently.
Bindu:	उसकी बहुत ऊंची कद है. क्या आप उसको जानते है? She's really tall. Do you know her?
Matadin:	हाँ, मैं उसको जानता हूँ. हम दोस्त है Yes, I know her. We're friends.
Bindu:	उसके पास खड़ा आदमी कौन है? Who's that man standing next to her?
Matadin:	कौन सा आदमी? Which man?
Bindu:	उसके बायें तरफ नाटा आदमी. उसका नाम क्या है? That short guy on her right. What's his name?
Matadin:	ओह, वह मेट है Oh, that's Matt.
Bindu:	वह दिखने में बहुत अच्छा है He's really good looking.
Matadin:	हाँ Yeah.
Bindu:	क्या आप उसको जानते है? Do you know him?
Matadin:	मैं उसको नहीं जानता, लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि मेरी बहन जानती है I don't know him, but I think my sister does.
Bindu:	क्या वह शादीशुदा है? Is he married?
Matadin:	हाँ, वह शादीशुदा है Yes, he's married.
Bindu:	मुझे अब याद आया. मैं उसको पहले मिली हूँ I remember now. I met him before.

Market is Close (बाज़ार बंद है कि बातचीत)

Sharon:	जेफ़, मैं बाज़ार जा रही हूँ. क्या आप मेरे साथ आना चाहते है? Jeff, I'm going to the supermarket. Do you want to come with me?
Jeff:	मुझे लगता है कि बाज़ार अब बंद है I think the supermarket is closed now.
Sharon:	अच्छा, वह बंद कब होता है? Oh, When does it close?
Jeff:	वह रविवार को सात बजे बंद होता है It closes at 7:00 on SunLessons.
Sharon:	वह तो बहुत बुरा हुआ That's too bad.
Jeff:	चिन्ता मत कीजिये, हम कल सुबह जा सकते हैं. वह आठ बजे खुलता है. Don't worry, we can go tomorrow morning. It opens at 8:00.
Sharon:	ठीक है. आप अब क्या करना चाहते है? Alright. What do you want to do now?
Jeff:	आधे घंटे के लिए ठहलते है. लगभग साढे आठ बजे को मेरी बहन यहाँ आ जायेगी और फिर हम सब खाने के लिए बाहर जा सकते हैं Lets take a walk for a half an hour. My sister will get here at about 8:30PM and then we can all go out to dinner.
Sharon:	वह कहाँ रहती है? Where does she live?
Jeff:	वह सेन फ्रांसिस्को में रहती है She lives in San Francisco.
Sharon:	वह कितने समय से वहाँ रही है? How long has she lived there?
Jeff:	मुझे लगता है कि वह लगभग दस साल वहाँ रही है I think she's lived there for about 10 years.
Sharon:	वह बहुत लम्बा समय है. उसके पहले वह कहाँ रहती थी? That's a long time. Where did she live before that?
Jeff:	सेन डीयेगो San Diego.

SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)

Abbreviation	Description
IDL	Ideal
IDM	It Does Not Matter
IHNO	I Have No Opinion
IIWM	If it were me
ILU	I Love You
ILY	I love you

Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)

Emotions	Meaning
:-)))	Very Happy
%')	Very Tired
(:-(	Very Unhappy
{(:-)	Wearing a Toupee
[:-)	Wearing a Walkman

Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)

Then and Than

The similar sounding words ‘then’ and than’ confuse many English speakers and if you find yourself using one for the other, please go through this article.

The word ‘than’ is used to show comparison and is a conjunction(A conjunction is a word that joins two sentences).

1. Adhir is smarter than Dinesh.

2. Homemade food is healthier than fast-food.

3. He is older than you.

On the other hand, the word ‘then’ is used either to show a sequence of events or a sense of time. Read the examples carefully to understand.

1. If you get full marks, then I will buy you a car.

2. Finish your homework and then we will go out for dinner.

3. I will reach home at night. I will call you then.

4. I will get free at 5. Can we meet then?

Notice how the first two sentences show a sequence of events and the next two show a sense of time. The speaker in sentence 3 and 4 is referring to particular time (‘at night’ and ‘at 5’).

Note:- When confused, think about what you’re trying to say/write. Only if you’re comparing will you use ‘than’, for every other situation, use ‘then’.

English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की टिप्स)

"To," "Too," and "Two"

"To" is a preposition which connects two words within a sentence, and it also signifies that someone will go somewhere or do something. For example, "They will go to the store," connects "they" with "the store" and signifies that "they" will go. "Too" is another word for "also," or "as well," as in the sentence "Mark will come, too." "Two" is the correct spelling for the number two. There is no quick trick for memorizing the spelling of the number, but if you draw a large numeral, write the spelling beneath it, and make sure you look at this illustration a couple of times a Lesson, the spelling should stick within your mind. Never use this spelling to refer to anything besides the numeral. As for "to" and "too," the word "too" signifies an additional person or thing, so it is logical that you need to add an extra "o." If a sentence does not need an additional person or thing signified, do not use "too."

"Its" and "It's"

"Its" is a word signifying possession, as in "The dog put the ball in its mouth," and "it's" is the contractual form of "it is." However, often people use "it's" when they are supposed to be using "its." If you're writing a particular sentence and it would not make sense with "it is," do not use "it's," but use "its" instead. "The dog put the ball in it is mouth" does not make sense, so "The dog put the ball in it's mouth," is not correct, either.

"Lose" and "Loose"

"Lose" is a verb meaning that you will lose possession of something tangible or intangible, as in "You will lose your gloves if you aren't careful," or "You will lose the race if you don't practice." "Loose" means that something is not tight, as in "My gloves are very loose." In order to determine which of the two you must use, remember that if something is "loose," it is usually bigger, and therefore more roomy, so use the larger, roomier word with the "o" doubled. With "lose," it is logical that you must lose an "o" since the word refers to the loss of something. 

If you use these tips and tricks, it will be easier to make sure you spell these commonly misspelled words correctly. Your word processing software will not necessarily pick up mistakes with these words, as the misspelled versions are existing words, just not the right ones in the particular context you are using. Therefore, you have to learn the rules. At first, it will seem time-consuming to have to think about which word to use based on these rules, but eventually it will become second nature. Spelling these words incorrectly will often cause a reader to misconstrue their meaning, so once you start spelling them correctly, your writing will become much more clear to others.

What is the Definition of "Advise?"

The short definition of "advise" is simply to give counsel to, however, the expanded definition offers a little more insight. "Advise" can also mean to provide suggestions or opinions, and the word's meaning can take on a slightly different form when used in a group setting. For instance, to advise a group of people can mean simply to provide them with information or a notice. The word is a verb and therefore indicates action.

What is the Definition of "Advice?"

Advice is something that one person gives to another as an option or opinion pertaining to a problem or a situation. Essentially, it's the piece of information given from one person to another that is suggestive in nature. Advice is a noun and while it's not a physical thing, it's still considered an item of sorts. One person will typically give advice to another or a person may not take the advice given to them from someone else.

Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)

Word	Meaning	अर्थ
Dumb	One who cannot speak	गूंगा
Eccentric	One who has strange habits	सनकी, विचित्र
Ecology	Study of environment	पर्यावरण, परिस्थिति विज्ञान
Edible	A thing that is fit to be eaten	खाने योग्य, आहार
Effeminate	Of a man showing feminine attributes	नारी जैसा पुरुष, स्ट्रेन