Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)

“I think the person who takes a job in order to live that is to say, for the money has turned himself into a slave.”

“मेरे विचार से जो व्यक्ति जिंदा रहने अर्थात पैसे के लिए किसी कार्य को करता है, वह स्वयं को गुलाम बना लेता है।”

“The World is what we think it is. If we can change our thoughts, we can change the world.”

“दुनिया वैसी ही है जैस। हम इसके बारे में सोचते हैं। यदि हम अपने विचारों को बदल सकें, तो हम दुनिया को बदल सकते हैं।”

“The road that is built in hope is more pleasant to the traveler than the road built in despair, even though they both lead to the same destination.”

“आशा के साथ तैयार की गई सड़क पर यात्रा करना उस सड़क पर यात्रा करने से कहीं अधिक आनन्ददायक होता है जिसे निराशा के साथ तैयार किया जाता है चाहे उन दोनो की मंजिल एक ही क्यों न हो।”

“Hope never dies as long as Belief is alive; Belief never dies as long as Hope is alive; and both Hope and Belief are Eternal.”

“जब तक आस्था जीवित होती है आशा कभी नहीं मिटती है, और जब तक आशा है तब तक आस्था कभी नष्ट नहीं होती है, तथा आशा और आस्था दोनों शाश्वत हैं।”

“He who has never hoped can never despair.”

“ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसने कभी आशा नहीं की, वह कभी निराश भी नहीं होता है।”

Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)

yottabyte
A yottabyte is a measure of theoretical storage capacity and is 2 to the 80th power bytes or, in decimal, approximately a thousand zettabytes, a trillion terabytes, or a million trillion megabytes.

Yukon
Yukon is the code name used for the beta version of Microsoft's SQL Server 2005. SQL Server 2005 is said to provide enhanced flexibility, scalability, reliability, and security to database applications, and to make them easier to create and deploy, thus reducing the complexity and tedium involved in database management.

yard management system
A yard management system (YMS) is a software system designed to oversee the movement of trucks and trailers in the yard of a manufacturing facility, warehouse, or distribution center. YMS provides real-time information on the location of trailers in the yard and allows yard employees to move trailers from staging to docks to fill orders in an efficient manner.

ZIP
A compressed file format (.zip). Many files available on the Internet are compressed or "zipped" in order to reduce storage space and transfer times.

z-buffering
Z-buffering is an algorithm used in 3-D graphics to ensure that perspective works the same way in the virtual world as it does in the real one: a solid object in the foreground will block the view of one behind it. You've seen this illustrated in the real world when someone stands between you and the television screen. Z-buffering is a type of algorithm known as a Visual Surface Determination (VSD) algorithm.

Zabbix
Zabbix is an open source network monitoring tool that works with a centralized Linux-based Zabbix server.
The Zabbix server automatically collects and parses data from monitored hardware so administrators can check availability and see trends in network performance. The server communicates to the native software agents that are available for many operating systems, including Linux, UNIX and Windows. For operating systems without an agent, generic monitoring protocols such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) or Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) can be used.

Zachman framework
The Zachman framework is a logical structure intended to provide a comprehensive representation of an information technology enterprise. It allows for multiple perspectives and categorization of business artifacts. The brainchild of John Zachman who conceived the idea in 1987, the full technical name is Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture and Information Systems Architecture.
The Zachman framework gathers and refines principles from older methods. It has a structure (or framework) independent of the tools and methods used in any particular IT business. The framework defines how perspectives are related according to certain rules or abstractions. A framework takes the form of a 36-cell table with six rows (scope, business model, system model, technology model, components, and working system) and six columns (who, what, when, where, why, and how).

zap
In general usage, zap (noun) is spiciness, kick, or a powerful force. Dishes with chili pepper have zap. This term may be traceable to a comic book convention in which the hurling of an electronic beam or bolt of electricity by a hero (or anti-hero) using a ray gun is often accompanied by a sound balloon that says "ZAP!!!" The term is also used in Paintball and in some computer games.

zAware
zAware is a mainframe monitor for IBM’s zEnterprise EC12 mainframe server.
zAware, which runs as firmware in a separate logical partition, is designed to read operations log (OPERLOG) messages and compile a behavioral pattern unique to that particular z/OS system. Having a baseline of normal activity allows zAware to recognize when out-of-the-ordinary things happen, such as unexpected messages showing up, expected messages failing to show up or normally infrequent messages appearing in large volume.

Zeus Trojan (Zbot)
Zeus, also known as Zbot, is a malware toolkit that allows a cybercriminal to build his own Trojan Horse. On the Internet, a Trojan Horse is programming that appears to be legitimate but actually hides an attack. Zeus, which is sold on the black market, allows non-programmers to purchase the technology they need to carry out cybercrimes. According to a 2010 report from SecureWorks, the basic Zeus package starts at about $3,000. Additional modules, which can cost as much as $10,000, are available for specific tasks.

Once a Zeus Trojan infects a machine, it remains dormant until the end user visits a Web page with a form to fill out. One of the toolkit's most powerful features is that it allows criminals to add fields to forms at the browser level. This means that instead of directing the end user to a counterfeit website, the user would see the legitimate website but might be asked to fill in an additional blank with specific information for "security reasons."

zenware
Zenware refers to application programs that function with a minimum of superfluous user intervention. The intent is to minimize the number of mouse clicks or commands required to accomplish a given task. There are fewer icons, toolbars and menus than in most traditional programs. The term also refers to small applications that streamline the operation of high-end programs by selectively disabling features not needed by the user.
One of the most widespread complaints about contemporary high-end software arises from the fact that multiple maneuvers are often required to accomplish trivial tasks. A good example is the pop-up that says "Are you sure you want to ..." when deleting, renaming or moving a file. Margins, fonts, line spacing, pagination and other formatting variables may have to be pre-set before work is begun. Automatic error correction or type assistance in feature-rich word processors and vector graphics programs may introduce errors that must be corrected by disabling the feature, searching for the errors, correcting them manually and then saving the file. After which the unwanted feature is quite likely to reload and put all the errors back in.

zero-Lesson exploit
A zero-Lesson exploit is one that takes advantage of a security vulnerability on the same Lesson that the vulnerability becomes generally known. There are zero Lessons between the time the vulnerability is discovered and the first attack.
Ordinarily, when someone detects that a software program contains a potential security issue, that person or company will notify the software company (and sometimes the world at large) so that action can be taken. Given time, the software company can fix the code and distribute a patch or software update. Even if potential attackers hear about the vulnerability, it may take them some time to exploit it; meanwhile, the fix will hopefully become available first.

zettaflops
(ZFlop) is a processing power of one septillion floating point operations per second (FLOPS).
The zetta in zettaflop represents 10 to the 21st power -- 10 multiplied by itself 21 times (which equals a septillion). IBM defines floating-point encoding as "a method of encoding real numbers within the limits of finite precision available on computers." With floating-point encoding, extremely long numbers can be handled relatively easily.

zettabyte
A zettabyte is a measure of storage capacity and is 2 to the 70th power bytes, also expressed as 1021 or 1 sextillion bytes. One zettabyte is approximately equal to a thousand exabytes or a billion terabytes.

Zimbra Collaboration Server
VMware Zimbra Collaboration Server is an open source email and collaboration platform that includes email, contacts, calendar, documents and more. It is a Web-based application suite that can be deployed as an on-premise private cloud or outsourced public cloud service.
Zimbra Collaboration Server is compatible with desktop email clients, such as Windows Outlook, and is compatible with Windows, Apple and Linux computers. It also performs over-the-air sync to mobile device operating systems, including iOS, Android, Windows Mobile and BlackBerry.

zinc whiskers
Zinc whiskers are tiny growths of elemental zinc that form on the surfaces of objects that are electroplated, or galvanized, with zinc. When present on circuit boards or other electronic objects, zinc whiskers can cause short circuits that are difficult to diagnose. Objects that can develop zinc whiskers include nuts and bolts, steel conduits, sheet metal, metal railings, and certain types of tile flooring.

Zip drive
A Zip drive is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for backing up and archiving personal computer files. The trademarked Zip drive was developed and is sold by Iomega Corporation. Zip drives and disks come in two sizes. The 100 megabyte size actually holds 100,431,872 bytes of data or the equivalent of 70 floppy diskettes. There is also a 250 megabyte drive and disk. The Iomega Zip drive comes with a software utility that lets you copy the entire contents of your hard drive to one or more Zip disks.

zipping
Zipping is the act of packaging a set of files into a single file or archive that is called a zip file. Usually, the files in a zip file are compressed so that they take up less space in storage or take less time to send to someone. There are several popular tools that can be used for zipping files: PKZIP for the DOS operating system, WinZip and NetZIP for Windows, MacZip for Macintosh users, and Zip and UnZip for UNIX systems. The result of zipping is a single file with a ".zip" suffix. After you receive a zip file, you may have to extract and decompress the file by using the same kind of tool that was used to zip the original file.

zombie (bot)
A zombie (also known as a bot) is a computer that a remote attacker has accessed and set up to forward transmissions (including spam and viruses) to other computers on the Internet. The purpose is usually either financial gain or malice. Attackers typically exploit multiple computers to create a botnet, also known as a zombie army.

zone
In general, a zone is an area of administration. The meaning is similar to that of domain. Specific networking environments use the term to mean somewhat different things:
1) In the domain name system (DNS) environment, a zone is the name space allocated for a particular server. A zone file maintains instructions for resolving specified Internet domain names to the appropriate number form of an Internet Protocol address (an IP address).
2) In an H.323 multimedia network, a zone is a group of terminals, multipoint control units (MCUs), and gateways within a particular domain. A zone may be a relatively permanent configuration of devices, or just a runtime entity established for a particular event. An administrative tool called a gatekeeper controls interactions for each zone.

zoo
A zoo is a collection of viruses and worms that exist only in virus and anti-virus labs. Zoos are used to proactively study how malware programs are written and distributed.

Zulu (Zulu time)
Zulu (short for "Zulu time") is used in the military and in navigation generally as a term for Universal Coordinated Time (UCT), sometimes called Universal Time Coordinated ( UTC ) or Coordinated Universal Time (but abbreviated UTC), and formerly called Greenwich Mean Time. In military shorthand, the letter Z follows a time expressed in Greenwich Time. Greenwich Time, now called Universal Coordinated Time, is the time at longitude 0 degrees 0 minutes - the prime meridian or longitudinal line that separates East from West in the world geographical coordinate system. This line of longitude is based on the location of the British Naval Observatory in Greenwich, England, near London. "Zulu" is the radio transmission articulation for the letter Z.

Zune
The Zune is a portable digital media player from Microsoft . The first version, released in November of 2006, is about the size of a deck of playing cards and weighs 5.6 ounces.

Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)

Synonyms (समानार्थक)

Possibility - Opportunity	संभावना - अवसर
Praise - Compliment	स्तुति - तारीफ
Provide - Supply	प्रदान करें - आपूर्ति
Quake - Tremble	भूकंप - कांप
Quite - Fairly	काफी - काफी

ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)

Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)

child	बच्चा
children	बच्चे
China	चीन
chocolate	चॉकलेट
choose	चुन
chopsticks	चापस्टिक
Christian	ईसाई
Christmas	क्रिसमस

We're not lost! (हम खोये नहीं हैं कि बातचीत)

Linda:	क्या तुम्हे भूक लग रही है? Are you hungry?
Robert:	नहीं, क्यों? No, why?
Linda:	हम बहुत देर से गाडी चलाते आ रहें हैं. मुझे लगता है कि यही बेहतर होगा कि हम जल्द ही कहीं खाने की जगह ढूँढ लें We've been driving for a long time. I think we'd better find some place to eat soon.
Robert:	नहीं, मैं ठीक हूँ. हमें देर हो रही है इसलिए बेहतर यहीं होगा कि हम कहीं न रोकें No, I'm OK. We're late so we'd better not stop.
Linda:	हम उसी दुकान से तीन बार गुज़र चुके हैं. मुझे लगता है कि हम खो गयें हैं. हमको किसी से इशारों के लिए पूछना चाहिए We've passed that same store three times already. I think we're lost. We should ask someone for directions.
Robert:	हम खोये नहीं हैं We're not lost.
Linda:	मैं कभी भी यहाँ से नहीं गुज़री हूँ. क्या तुम जानते हो कि तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो? I've never gone this way before. Do you know where you're going?
Robert:	हाँ, यह रास्ता शहर से जाता है. हायवे से ज्यादा तेज़ रस्ता है Yes, this road goes through town. It's faster than the highway.
Linda:	ठीक है. क्या तुम्हे कुछ कम तेज़ चलाने में कोई ऐतराज़ होगा? OK. Would you mind driving a little slower please?
Robert:	बिलकुल, कोई ऐतराज़ नहीं Sure, no problem.
Linda:	क्या तुमने वहाँ वह इशारा देखा? मुझे लगता है यह रास्ता एक तरफा है Did you see that sign back there? I think this is a one way street.
Robert:	नहीं, मैंने नहीं देखा. मुझे वापस मुड़ना पड़ेगा No, I didn't see it. I'm going to have to turn around.
Linda:	तुम यहाँ मुड़ नहीं सकते. मुझे लगता है कि तुम्हे मुझको गाड़ी चलाने देना चाहिए You can't turn around here. I think you should let me drive.
Robert:	मुझे लगता है कि तुम ठीक कह रही हो. मैं थक रहा हूँ I think you're right. I'm getting tired.

Help me find my purse (मुझे अपना बटुआ ढूँढने में मदद कीजिये कि बातचीत)

Barbara:	ऐडम, क्या मेरी एक मदद कर सकते है? Adam, can you do me a favor?
Adam:	बिलकुल Sure.
Barbara:	मैं अपना बटुआ नहीं ढूँढ पा रही हूँ. क्या आप मेरी मदद कर सकते है? I can't find my purse. Can you help me?
Adam:	बिलकुल. मैं ढूँढने में आपकी मदद करूँगा No problem, I'll help you look for it.
Barbara:	शुक्रिया Thanks.
Adam:	कौन सा रंग का है? What color is it?
Barbara:	वह काला है It's black.
Adam:	क्या आपने रसोई में देखा? Did you look in the kitchen?
Barbara:	हाँ, मैं वहाँ देख चुकी हूँ Yes, I already looked there.
Adam:	मैं सामने वाले कमरे में देखूँगा I'll look in the living room.
Barbara:	क्या आपको मिला? Did you find it?
Adam:	नहीं. वह वहाँ नहीं है. आपने आखरी बार उसको कब देखा था? No. It's not in there. When was the last time you saw it?
Barbara:	आज सुबह जब मैं पुस्तकालय गयी थी, तब मेरे पास था I had it when I went to the library this morning.
Adam:	क्या आपको लगता है कि शायद उसको आप वहाँ छोड़ आयी है? Do you think you might have left it there?
Barbara:	हो सकता है. मैं पुस्तकालय को फोन करके उन से पूछती हूँ कि क्या किसी को वह मिला? Maybe. I'll call the library and ask them if anyone found it.
Adam:	रुकिए. क्या यह वही है? Wait! Is this it?
Barbara:	हाँ, यही है. यही मेरा बटुआ है. उसको ढूँढने में मेरी मदद करने के लिए शुक्रिया Yes, That's it. That's my purse. Thanks for helping me find it.

SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)

Abbreviation	Description
IOU	I owe you
IOW	In Other Words
IRL	In Real Life
ISS	I said so
ISTM	It Seems to Me
ISWYM	I See What You Mean
IUSS	If you say so
IYO	In your opinion
IYQ	I like you

Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)

Emotions	Meaning
:-)8 :	Woman
:~)	Wondering
l-O	Yawning
|^o	Yawning or Snoring variation
:-(0)	Yelling

Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)

Till Until

English speakers are often found asking for the difference(s) between the words ‘till’ and ‘until’. The fact of the matter is, however, that when ‘till’ acts as a preposition or conjunction, there is no difference between the two words.

To clarify, ‘till’ has multiple meanings: it works as a noun, verb, preposition and conjunction. ‘Until’, on the other hand, works only as a preposition and a conjunction; in these capacities, both words mean exactly the same thing and are thus entirely interchangeable. ‘Till’ is actually the older word. ‘Until’ was formed by the addition to it of the prefix ‘un-’, meaning ‘up to’. ToLesson, as the first word in a sentence, ‘until’ is generally preferred.

To Too Two

It is best to be clear on the meanings of these three words so as not to confuse them in everyLesson usage.

To

‘To’ functions as

1. A preposition, in which case it always precedes a noun, as in I am going to school and He is on his way home.

2. An infinitive, in which case it always precedes a verb, as in I am going to study and I am going to take a vacation.

Too

‘Too’ functions

1. As a synonym for ‘also’, as in I would like to come, too and He worked on the project, too.

2. As a synonym for ‘excessively’, where it precedes an adjective or an adverb, as in I am too tired to continue or This pastrami is much too salty.

Two

‘Two’ is the number that follows ‘one’ and precedes ‘three’. It has no other meaning.

When If

‘When’ and ‘if’ are both used while referring to the future, as in I will be able to see you in the evening when I get off work and I will be able to see in the evening if I get off work. The difference between the two words is very basic and easily understood:

• ‘When’ should be used while referring to something that one is certain will happen. The ‘when’ in ‘I will be able to see you in the evening when I get off work’ implies that the speaker is sure that s/he will get free from work in the evening.

• ‘If’ should be used while referring to something that might or might not happen. The ‘if’ in ‘I will be able to see you in the evening if I get off work’ implies that the speaker is not sure that s/he will get free from work in the evening; it is a possibility, not a certainty.

However, it must be noted that ‘when’ and ‘if’ can be used interchangeably as well, in case the situation being referred to is predictable or repetitive. For example, the sentences ‘When I am in Calcutta, I stay with my family’ and ‘If I am in Calcutta, I stay with my family’ effectively mean the same thing. Another example is, ‘When you leave milk out, it ferments’ and ‘If you leave milk out, it ferments’.

English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की टिप्स)

Pay Attention to Quality

Writing online does not always give you license to write informally. Make sure you still write with proper grammar, spell words properly, and do not use abbreviations you would when conversing through text and instant messenger. If you are working for a company, your editors likely have set up guidelines regarding the style they wish you to write in; follow these closely.

Consider the Target Market

Consider who you are writing to. The most important characteristics of your target market that you must consider are education level, age, and field of work. If you're targeting your articles to people of a lower education level, do not use a lot of complex words, although people of a higher education level will appreciate a varied vocabulary. If you are writing to young people, brush up on their jargon and use some of it in your articles, but be careful not to use so much that it appears as if you're trying too hard to be hip. If you're catering an article to people within a certain field, such as information technology professionals, feel free to use complex information technology terms, but if you are trying to explain information technology to those who are not in the field, use more basic terms.

Don't Slander Anyone

If you think the Internet is a place within which you are free to attack an enemy through your writing, think again. If you want to criticize someone's ideas, make sure the information you are providing about their ideas is factual and accurate. If you present untrue information about someone which damages their reputation, they are able to sue you for libel; furthermore, you will gain a reputation as an inaccurate journalist or writer. 

Online writing is a great way to get your name out in public as a writer, but you want to make sure you are giving yourself a positive reputation. In order to do so, follow the online writing tips above. First and foremost, be focused on providing quality content that is true, interesting, and relevant. Some writing platforms require writers and journalists to be objective, but if you are able to present subjective opinions, back them up with facts. Further strengthen your reputation as a writer by always producing error-free documents that are attractively formatted.

Research the Topic

Even if the writer feels that they know about the topic, it is a good idea to do some research. There are many different resources that can be utilized when researching a topic. Begin by searching on the Internet about the topic. In most cases there is enough information available for the writer to become familiar with the topic. If more information is needed, move to other resources such as the library and academic databases. Many people find that keeping hand-written notes helps them remember information that they find during the research stage.

Write an Essay Outline

An essay outline allows the writer to plan the exact structure of the essay and to think about what they are going to write before they begin writing. When writing an essay outline, make sure that it is brief and to the point. Headings, titles, and key points in the outline should be kept as concise as possible, preferably twelve words or less. However, make sure that the points aren't too brief. For example, if the point of a paragraph is that "the role of women in ancient Rome," do not simply write "women" as this is too vague. An outline is intended to allow the writer to see quickly how each paragraph fits into the essay.

Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)

Word	Meaning	अर्थ
Emigrant	One who goes to live in a foreign country	उप्रवासी, प्रदेश मैं रहने वाला व्यक्ति
Emissary	Q person sent on a mission.[usually official]	दूत, गुप्तचर, जासूस
Emphasize	To lay special stress on	महत्व देना
Employer	One who employs.	नियोजक, मालिक
Endemic	A disease prevailing in a locality	स्थानिक बीमारी