In communication and spoken English, instead of saying complete sentence, complete helping verbs, short form of helping verb and short sentence are commonly used. In pronouncing also, short form of helping verb becomes shorter e.g. ‘he has not’ – in pronunciation these three words will be recited as two words ‘he haznt’. We give below table stating the helping verb used with each pronoun and their short forms used in writing/conversation. Please listen each short form’s sound in on-line dictionary and practice.
इंग्लिश लिखने व बोलने मैं, पूरे वाक्यो और पूरे हेल्पिंग वर्ब्स की जगह छोटे वाक्यो और हेल्पिंग वर्ब का छोटा रूप इस्तेमाल किया जाता है. सहायक क्रिया का संक्षिप रूप बोलने मैं भी छोटा हो जाता है. नीचे टेबल मैं हेल्पिंग वर्ब की छोटी फॉर्म दी गयी है. कृपया हर छोटी फॉर्म का उच्चारण, और अभ्यास करे.
| Pronoun | Helping Verb - Present | Positive | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I am a Doctor - मैं डॉक्टर हूँ | मैं हूँ | मैं नहीं हूँ | क्या मैं हूँ? | |
| I | Am | I am (I'am) | I am not (I'm not) | Am I…? |
| He/She/It | Is | He/She/It is..(He's/She's/It's) | He/She/It is not..(He's/She's/It's not) | Is he/she/it...? |
| You | Are | You are (You're) | You are not (You're not or you are'nt) | Are you…? |
| We | Are | We are (We're ) | We are not (We're not or we are'nt) | Are we …? |
| They | Are | They are (They'are) | They are not (They'are not or they are'nt) | Are they…? |
| I have a car - मेरे पास कार है. | मेरे पास है | मेरे पास नहीं है. | क्या मेरे पास है? | |
| I | have | I have (I've) | I have not (I've not or I haven't) | Have I…? |
| He/She/It | has | He/She/It has (He's/She's/It's) | He/She/It has not (He/She/It hasn't) | Has he/she/it….? |
| You | have | You have (you've) | You have not (you've not or you haven't) | Have you…? |
| We | have | We have (We've) | We have not (We've not or we haven't) | Have we…? |
| They | have | They have (they've) | They have not (They've not or they haven't) | Have they…? |
| I do work - मैं काम करता हूँ. | मैं करता हूँ | मैं नहीं करता हूँ. | क्या मैं करता हूँ? | |
| I | Do | I do | I do not (I don't) | Do I…? |
| He/She/It | does | He/She/It does | He/She/It does not (He/She/It doesn't) | Does he/she/it…? |
| You | do | You do | You do not (You don't) | Do you…? |
| We | Do | We do | We do not (We don't) | Do we…? |
| They | Do | They do | They do not (They don't) | Do they…? |
| I was not there - मैं वहाँ नहीं था. | मैं था | मैं नहीं था | क्या मैं था? | |
| I | was | I was | I was not (I wasn't) | Was I…? |
| He/She/It | was | He/She/It was | He/She/It was not (He/she/it wasn't) | Was he/she/it…? |
| You | were | You were | You were not (you weren't) | Were you…? |
| We | were | We were | We were not (we weren't) | Were we…? |
| They | were | They were | There were not (they weren't) | Were they…? |
| I had a high fever - मुझे तेज बुखार था. | मुझे था | मुझे नहीं था. | क्या मुझे था? | |
| I | had | I had | I had not (I hadn't) | Had I..? |
| He/She/It | had | He/She/It had | He/She/It had not (He/She/It hadn't) | Had he/she/it…? |
| You | had | You had | You had not (you hadn't) | Had you…? |
| We | had | We had | We had not (We hadn't) | Had we…? |
| They | had | They had | They had not (They hadn't) | Had the…? |
| I did work - मैने काम किया | मैने किया | मैने नहीं किया | क्या मैने किया? | |
| I | Did | I did | I did not (I didn't) | did I…? |
| He/She/It | Did | He/She/It did | He/She/It did not (He/She/It didn't) | did he/she/it…? |
| You | Did | You did | You did not (You didn't) | did you…? |
| We | Did | We did | We did not (We didn't) | did we…? |
| They | Did | They did | They did not (They didn't) | did they…? |
The above table has 126 short sentences. Please read all the sentences with a voice and repeat by adding new objects which are coming in daily use. Learn correct pronunciation and increase speed slowly. Repetitive loud reading will help you to roll your tongue to speak good English.
ऊपर टेबल मैं 126 छोटे वाकया है. सभी वाक्यो को आवाज निकलते हुए पढ़े और अलग अलग वाकया बना कर बार बार पढ़े.सही उच्चारण सीख लीजिये और बोलने की स्पीड धीरे धीरे बढ़ाय. जोर से बोलकर दोहराने से आपकी जिह्वा को अच्छी और प्रवाह से इंग्लिश बोलने मैं बहुत मदद मिलेगी.
Present Indefinite Tense
| वाक्य | Sentence |
|---|---|
| सूर्य पश्चिम मैं डूबता है. | The Sun sets in the west. |
| क्या सूर्य पश्चिम मैं डूबता है? | Does the sun set in the west? |
| हाँ, सूर्य पश्चिम मैं डूबता है. (हाँ, डूबता है.) | Yes, the sun sets in the west. (Yes, it does.) |
| नहीं, सूर्य पश्चिम मैं नहीं डूबता है. (नहीं, नहीं डूबता है.) | No, the sun does not set in the west. (No, it doesn't.) |
| लोगो को छोटा भाषण पसंद आता है. | People like a short speech. |
| क्या लोगो को छूटा भाषण पसंद आता है? | Do people like a short speech? |
| हाँ, लोगो को छोटा भाषण पसंद आता है.(हाँ, आता है.) | Yes, people lika a short speech. (Yes, they do.) |
| नहीं, लोगो को छोटा भाषण पसंद नहीं आता है.(नहीं, नहीं पसंद आता है) | No, people do not like a short speech. (No, they don't.) |
| अब हमारे दादाजी सब कुछ भूल जाते है. | Now our grandfather forgets everything. |
| क्या अब हमारे दादाजी सब कुछ भूल जाते है? | Does now our grandfather forget everything? |
| नहीं, अब हमारे दादाजी सब कुछ नहीं भूलते है. (नहीं, नहीं भूलते है.) | No, now our grandfather does not forget everything. (No, he doesn't.) |
| हाँ, अब हमारे दादाजी सब कुछ भूल जाते है. (हाँ, भूल जाते है.) | Yes, now our grandfather forgets everything. (Yes, he does.) |
| पक्षी रोज सुबह चहचहाते है. | Birds chip daily in the morning. |
| क्या पक्षी रोज सुबह चहचहाते है? | Birds do not chirp in the morning daily. |
| हाँ, पक्षी रोज सुबह चहचहाते है. (हाँ, चहचहाते है.) | Yes, birds chirp in the morning daily. (Yes, they do.) |
| नहीं, पक्षी रोज सुबह नहीं चहचहाते है. (नहीं, नहीं चहचहाते है.) | No, birds do not chirp daily in the morning. (No, they don’t) |
| लालची लोग अपनी इज्जत खो देते है. | Greedy persons lose their reputation. |
| क्या लालची लोग अपनी इज्जत खो देते है? | Do greedy persons lose their reputation? |
| हाँ, लालची लोग अपनी इज्जत खो देते है. (हाँ, खो देते है.) | Yes, greedy persons lose their reputation. (Yes, they do.) |
| नहीं, लालची लोग अपनी इज्जत नहीं खोते है. (नहीं, नहीं खोते है.) | No, greedy persons do not lose their reputation.(No, they don't.) |
In the above sentence, please note that in short answers pronouns (he/she/it,they) and only Do/Don't/Does/Doesn't is used which implies the meaning the verb of the sentence. To emphasise something in present indefinite tense, Do/Does is used i.e. He does want to regain back his reputation. When there are two or more objects, there is no rule which object should come first and which object should come in last. It depends upon our imagination and preference to decide their order i.e. Daily in the morning or In the morning daily - both are correct.
ऊपर इंग्लिश के छोटे answers मैं देखो की सर्वनाम (he/she/it/they) के साथ केवल Do/Don't/Does/Doesn't का प्रयोग हुआ है. Do/Don't/Does/Doesn't के प्रयोग मैं वाकया की क्रिया का अर्थ समाहित है और ऐसा ही हम अपनी बोलचाल मैं करते है. किसी बात पर जोर देने के लिए, प्रेजेंट इंडेफिनिटे टेंस मैं Do/Does का प्रयोग किया जाता है अर्थात वह अवश्य अपनी इज्जत वापस प्राप्त करना चाहता है. जब वाकया मैं एक से ज्यादा ऑब्जेक्ट हो तो उनका क्रम हमारी कल्पना और प्राथमिकता के आधार पर हम निश्चित करते है. इस बारे मैं कोई नियम नहीं है. जैसे रोज सुबह या सुबह रोज - दोनों ठीक है.