Quote of the Lesson (दिन के उद्धरण)

“A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.”

“एक ऐसा व्यक्ति जिसने कभी गलती नहीं की है, उसने जीवन में कुछ नया करने का कभी प्रयास ही नहीं किया होता है.”

“I do not pray for success, I ask for faithfulness.”

“मैं सफलता की प्रार्थना नहीं करती हूं, मैं विश्वास के लिए कहती हूं.”

“A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.”

“मूर्ख व्यक्ति स्वयं को बुद्धिमान मानता है लेकिन बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति स्वयं को मूर्ख मानता है.”

“Life's Tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late.”

“जीवन में दुखद बात यह है कि हम बड़े तो जल्दी हो जाते हैं, लेकिन समझदार देर से होते हैं।”

“Wise men don't need advice. Fools won't take it.”

“बुद्धिमान व्यक्तियों की सलाह की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है. मूर्ख लोग इसे स्वीकार नहीं करते हैं.”

Fruits Name (फलों के नाम)

लीची	lychee, Litchi
शहतूत	mulberry
नारंगी, संतरा	orange
नाशपाती	pear
अनन्नास	pineapple

Vegetable Name (सब्जियों के नाम)

बैगन	Eggplant, Aubergine, Brinjal
लहसुन	Garlic
अदरक	Ginger
कटहल	Jackfruit
शलगम	Turnip

Technical word (तकनीकी शब्द)

design by committee
Design by committee is a term sometimes used to describe a design that is flawed because too many people provided input. The phrase implies a lack of a coherent vision and, perhaps as a result, a failure to successfully solve the problems the design was intended to solve. In a software development context, design by committee is a controversial issue. According to some experts, design by committee leads to overly long specifications with an overabundance of features (sometimes called feature creep ) and many inconsistent and/or redundant elements. In an interview in New Scientist , Donald Norman (author of the book The Design of EveryLesson Things ) said "You don't do good software design by committee. You do it best by having a dictator. From the user's point of view, you must have a coherent design philosophy..." Norman believes that one reason people still have difficulty learning how to use computers, for example, is the poor results of design by committee.

dielectric constant
The dielectric constant is the ratio of the permittivity of a substance to the permittivity of free space. It is an expression of the extent to which a material concentrates electric flux, and is the electrical equivalent of relative magnetic permeability.
As the dielectric constant increases, the electric flux density increases, if all other factors remain unchanged. This enables objects of a given size, such as sets of metal plates, to hold their electric charge for long periods of time, and/or to hold large quantities of charge. Materials with high dielectric constants are useful in the manufacture of high-value capacitors.

daisy chain
A daisy chain is an interconnection of computer devices, peripherals, or network nodes in series, one after another. It is the computer equivalent of a series electrical circuit. In personal computing, examples of "daisy-chainable" interfaces include Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) and FireWire, which allow computers to communicate with peripheral hardware such as disk drives, tape drives, CD-ROM drives, printers, and scanners faster and more flexibly than previous interfaces.
The main advantage of the daisy chain is its simplicity. Another advantage is scalability. The user can add more nodes anywhere along the chain, up to a certain maximum (16 in SCSI-2 or SCSI-3, for example). A daisy-chain network can be long in terms of the distance from one end to the other, but is not well suited to situations where nodes must be scattered all over a geographic region. In such a case, the cables must zig-zag around, and the overall length of the network can become huge compared with the actual distances between the nodes. This can cause the network to operate slowly for users near opposite ends of the chain.

dark data
Dark data is operational data that is not being used. Consulting and market research company Gartner Inc. describes dark data as "information assets that organizations collect, process and store in the course of their regular business activity, but generally fail to use for other purposes."
With the growing accumulation of structured, unstructured and semi-structured data in organizations -- increasingly through the adoption of big data applications -- dark data has come especially to denote operational data that is left unanalyzed. Such data is seen as an economic opportunity for companies if they can take advantage of it to drive new revenues or reduce internal costs. Some examples of data that is often left dark include server log files that can give clues to website visitor behavior, customer call detail records that can indicate consumer sentiment and mobile geolocation data that can reveal traffic patterns to aid in business planning.

dark backup
A dark backup is one that can be run automatically without manual intervention.

dark energy (quintessence)
Dark energy, also called quintessence, is a mysterious energy or force that has been postulated by astronomers and cosmologists to explain recent observations suggesting that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing rate of speed. Dark energy affects the behavior of photon s (light particles) as they travel through space.

dark fiber
Dark fiber is optical fiber infrastructure (cabling and repeaters) that is currently in place but is not being used. Optical fiber conveys information in the form of light pulses so the "dark" means no light pulses are being sent. For example, some electric utilities have installed optical fiber cable where they already have power lines installed in the expectation that they can lease the infrastructure to telephone or cable TV companies or use it to interconnect their own offices. To the extent that these installations are unused, they are described as dark.

dark storage
Dark storage is allocated but unused storage capacity.

darknet
A darknet is a routed allocation of IP address space that is not discoverable by any usual means. The term is used to refer to both a single private network and the collective portion of Internet address space that has been configured in that manner.
Technically, a darknet is a variation on a virtual private network (VPN) with additional measures in place to ensure that the network and IP addresses of members are not discoverable. The purpose is to hide not only the communications themselves but the fact that information is being exchanged. Members join with the expectation of being able to share information and/or files with little risk of detection.
Popular darknets include Tor (the onion router), Freenet and I2P. Such networks are typically decentralized, routing traffic through a wide-spread system of servers, which are often provided by volunteers. The complex routing system makes it difficult to trace communications.

Darwin
Darwin is the basic "core" of OS X , the operating system for Apple's Macintosh , and combines two well-known programs, the Mach kernel and FreeBSD, in a strategic move by Apple to make its future operating systems based on and available to others as open source code. Traditionally, major computer makers have treated their operating systems (and most applications) as proprietary. Making the source code available freely to outside developers is designed to encourage any developer to create improvements or fix problems. In addition to Darwin, OS X includes its own proprietary user interfaces and other special features that are not offered as open source.

dashboard
1) In information technology, a dashboard is a user interface that, somewhat resembling an automobile's dashboard, organizes and presents information in a way that is easy to read. However, a computer dashboard is more likely to be interactive than an automobile dashboard (unless it is also computer-based). To some extent, most graphical user interfaces (GUIs) resemble a dashboard. However, some product developers consciously employ this metaphor (and sometimes the term) so that the user instantly recognizes the similarity.
2) Some products that aim to integrate information from multiple components into a unified display refer to themselves as dashboards. For example, a product might obtain information from the local operating system in a computer, from one or more applications that may be running, and from one or more remote sites on the Web and present it as though it all came from the same source. Hewlett Packard developed the first such product, which began as a tool for customizing Windows desktops. Called Dashboard, the HP product was subsequently acquired by Borland and then a company called Starfish. Microsoft's Digital Dashboard tool incorporates Web-based elements (such as news, stock quotes, and so on) and corporate elements (such as e-mail, applications, and so on) into Outlook.

daemon
A daemon (pronounced DEE-muhn) is a program that runs continuously and exists for the purpose of handling periodic service requests that a computer system expects to receive. The daemon program forwards the requests to other programs (or processes) as appropriate. Each server of pages on the Web has an HTTPD or Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon that continually waits for requests to come in from Web clients and their users.

DDL
Stands for "Data Definition Language." A DDL is a language used to define data structures within a database. It is typically considered to be a subset of SQL, the Structured Query Language, but can also refer to languages that define other types of data.
A Data Definition Language has a pre-defined syntax for describing data. For example, to build a new table using SQL syntax, the CREATE command is used, followed by parameters for the table name and column definitions. The DDL can also define the name of each column and the associated data type. Once a table is created, it can be modified using the ALTER command. If the table is no longer needed, the DROP command will delete the table.

Default
This term is used to describe a preset value for some option in a computer program. It is the value used when a setting has not been specified by the user. For example, the default font setting in Netscape Communicator is "Times." If you don't go to the Netscape preferences and change it to something else, the "Times" font will be used -- by default. Typically, default settings are set to what most people would choose anyway, so there's often no reason to change them. However, if you're one of those people who has to customize everything that you possibly can, then you can go ahead and change all the default settings you want.

Defragment
Defragmenting your hard disk is a great way to boost the performance of your computer. Though the term "defragment" sounds a little abrasive, it is actually a simple and helpful process. After all, a defragmented hard disk is a happy hard disk.
Adding and deleting files from your hard disk is a common task. Unfortunately, this process is not always done very efficiently. For example, when you delete a bunch of little files and add a new large file, the file may get broken up into mulitple sections on the hard disk. The computer will still read the newly added file as a single valid file, but the drive will have to scan multiple parts of the disk to read it. Because hard disk seek time is one of the most significant bottlenecks in a computer's performance, this can drag down your computer's speed quite a bit. If you have a ton of "fragmented" files on your hard disk, you might hear extra grinding, sputtering, and other weird noises coming from your computer.

Delete
Delete is computer terminology for remove or erase. You can delete text from a document of delete entire files or folders from your hard drive. When typing a document, you can remove characters behind the cursor by pressing the delete key. If you want to remove characters in front of the cursor, you can press the smaller delete key near the home and end buttons on the keyboard. You can also remove entire sections of text by selecting the text you wish to delete and pressing either delete button on the keyboard.
Files and folders can be removed from your hard drive by dragging them to the Recycle Bin (Windows) or the Trash (Macintosh) and then emptying the trash. When you delete a file, it is actually not erased, but instead the reference to the file is removed. This means deleted files are still intact until they are written over. Special utilities such as Norton Unerase can recover accidentally deleted files.

DFS
Stands for "Distributed File System." A DFS manages files and folders across multiple computers. It serves the same purpose as a traditional file system, but is designed to provide file storage and controlled access to files over local and wide area networks.
Even when files are stored on multiple computers, DFS can organize and display the files as if they are stored on one computer. This provides a simplified interface for clients who are given access to the files. Users can also share files by copying them to a directory in the DFS and can update files by editing existing documents. Most distributed file systems provide concurrency control or file locking, which prevents multiple people from editing the same file at the same time.

Digital
Digital information is stored using a series of ones and zeros. Computers are digital machines because they can only read information as on or off -- 1 or 0. This method of computation, also known as the binary system, may seem rather simplistic, but can be used to represent incredible amounts of data. CDs and DVDs can be used to store and play back high-quality sound and video even though they consist entirely of ones and zeros.
Unlike computers, humans perceive information in analog. We capture auditory and visual signals as a continuous stream. Digital devices, on the other hand, estimate this information using ones and zeros. The rate of this estimation, called the "sampling rate," combined with how much information is included in each sample (the bit depth), determines how accurate the digital estimation is.

Digitize
When you "digitize" something, you convert it from analog to digital. For example, if you import a VHS tape from a VCR into your computer, you might use an analog-to-digital converter (DAC) to convert the analog signal to a digital stream of data. This is because computers are digital devices and can only read digital data.
Digital files are created by taking samples of analog data, typically at the rate of several thousand per second. For example, a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, which is what standard audio CDs use, indicates that the audio is being sampled 44,100 times every second. Therefore, the higher the sampling rate, the better the quality of the digitized file.

Dithering
Dithering is a process that uses digital noise to smooth out colors in digital graphics and sounds in digital audio.

Domain
While the term "domain" is often used synonymously with "domain name," it also has a definition specific to local networks.
A domain contains a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules. For example, a company may require all local computers to be networked within the same domain so that each computer can be seen from other computers within the domain or located from a central server. Setting up a domain may also block outside traffic from accessing computers within the network, which adds an extra level of security.

Dot Matrix
A dot matrix is a 2D matrix of dots that can represent images, symbols, or characters. They are used for electronic displays, such as computer monitors and LED screens, as well as printed output.

Double Click
Double clicking involves clicking your mouse button quickly two times. To perform a double click, and not just two clicks, the mouse button must be pressed twice within a very short time, typically about half a second. Most operating systems allow you to lengthen or shorten the maximum time allowed for a double click, using the Mouse Control Panel or System Preference.
A double click is recognized by your computer as a specific command, just like pressing a key on your keyboard. Double clicking is used to to perform a variety of actions, such as opening a program, opening a folder, or selecting a word of text. In order to double click an object, just move the cursor over the item and press the left mouse button quickly two times.

Drag
You can use your mouse to drag icons and other objects on your computer screen. Dragging icons from your desktop or an open window to another folder will move the objects to the new folder. You can also drag icons to the Trash (Mac) or the Recycle Bin (Windows) if you want to delete tehm. Some word processing programs allow you to select text and drag the selected text to another place in the document. To select the text, you may have to "drag" the mouse over the text you want to select.
Dragging is an important technique for using toLesson's graphical user interfaces (GUIs). In fact, there are many other things you can drag besides icons. For example, you can drag the top of windows to reposition them, you can drag the scroll bar in open documents or Web pages to scroll through them, and you can drag messages to different folders in your mail program. Other programs, such as video games and image-editing programs use dragging to reposition items on the screen.

DRM
Stands for "Digital Rights Management." DRM refers to a collection of systems used to protect the copyrights of electronic media. These include digital music and movies, as well as other data that is stored and transferred digitally. For example, the Apple iTunes Music Store uses a DRM system to limit the number of computers that songs can be played on. Each audio file downloaded from the iTunes music store includes information about the owner of the file and how many times the file has been transferred. The protected files will not play on computers that have not been authorized to play the music.

DTD
Stands for "Document Type Definition." A DTD defines the tags and attributes used in an XML or HTML document. Any elements defined in a DTD can be used in these documents, along with the predefined tags and attributes that are part of each markup language.

DV
Stands for "Digital Video." Unlike traditional analog video, which is captured frame by frame on a tape, digital video is recorded digitally, as ones and zeros. Since it is stored in a digital format, digital video can be recognized and edited by a computer, which is also a digital device.
DV camcorders, including Mini DV and HDV, record digital video and therefore can export the footage to a computer using a Firewire (IEEE 1394) cable. Analog camcorders such as SVHS and Hi-8 devices must be run through a analog to digital converter (DAC) in order to be transferred to a computer.

Driver
A piece of software that tells the computer how to operate an external device, such as a printer, hard disk, CD-ROM drive, or scanner. For instance, you can’t print unless you have a printer driver. Hard disk drivers are invisible files that are loaded into memory when you start the computer, while scanner drivers are usually plug-ins accessed from within a particular application.

DSL
A method for moving data over regular phone lines. A DSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection, and the wires coming into the subscriber’s premises are the same (copper) wires used for regular phone service. A DSL circuit must be configured to connect two specific locations, similar to a leased line (howeverr a DSL circuit is not a leased line. A common configuration of DSL allows downloads at speeds of up to 1.544 megabits (not megabytes) per second, and uploads at speeds of 128 kilobits per second. This arrangement is called ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Another common configuration is symmetrical
384 Kilobits per second in both directions. In theory ADSL allows download speeds of up to 9 megabits per second and upload speeds of up to 640 kilobits per second. DSL is now a popular alternative to Leased Lines and ISDN, being faster than ISDN and less costly than traditional Leased Lines.

DVD
Digital video disk; a type of compact disc that holds far more information than the CD-ROMs that are used for storing music files. A DVD can hold a minimum of 4.7 GB, enough for a full-length movie. MPEG-2 is used to compress video data for storage on a DVD. DVD drives are backward-compatible and can play CD-ROMs.

Database
A collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose. (A telephone book is a common database.) A computerized database is an updated, organized file of machine readable information that is rapidly searched and retrieved by computer.

DAW
Stands for "Digital Audio Workstation." A DAW is a digital system designed for recording and editing digital audio. It may refer to audio hardware, audio software, or both.
Early DAWs, such as those developed in the 1970s and 1990s, were hardware units that included a mixing console, data storage device, and an analog to digital converter (ADC). They could be used to record, edit, and play back digital audio. These devices, called "integrated DAWs," are still used toLesson, but they have largely been replaced by computer systems with digital audio software.

Ethernet
The common method of networking computers in a LAN, or Local Area Network. An Ethernet connection will handle about 10,000,000 bits per second.

Email
(Electronic Mail) - Messages sent from one person to another via the Internet. Email can also be sent to a large number of addresses at once through a Mailing List.

electric arc
An electric arc is a visible plasma discharge between two electrodes that is caused by electrical current ionizing gasses in the air. Electric arcs occur in nature in the form of lightning.
With proper control, electric arcs can be harnessed and used industrially for welding, plasma cutting and even certain types of lighting such as fluorescent lighting where a high voltage ionizes the inert gas within a glass tube; the flow of current across the ionized gas liberates visible light. However, for every harnessed electric arc there is an unwanted arc. For example, poorly installed (or poor quality) electrical switches, electrical circuit breakers and other electrical contact points are susceptible to these undesired arcs as contacts are opened and closed.

electrochromic
Electrochromic is an adjective used to describe an organic or inorganic substance that changes color when charged with electricity.

Electrohippies Collective
The Electrohippies Collective is an international group of hacktivists based in Oxfordshire, England, whose purpose is to express its displeasure with the use of the Internet "as a tool for corporate communications and propaganda." A common form of protest used by The Electrohippies Collective is the Web sit-in. The group organizes volunteers who repeatedly access a target's Web site or who organize a distributed denial-of-service attack. There is some debate as to whether actions such as this are illegal. While The Electrohippies Collective agrees that DDoS attacks violate the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, the group is also relentless in identifying targets and fostering attacks.

e-bomb (electromagnetic bomb)
An e-bomb (electromagnetic bomb) is a weapon that uses an intense electromagnetic field to create a brief pulse of energy that affects electronic circuitry without harming humans or buildings. At low levels, the pulse temporarily disables electronics systems; mid-range levels corrupt computer data. Very high levels completely destroy electronic circuitry, thus disabling any type of machine that uses electricity, including computers, radios, and ignition systems in vehicles. Although not directly lethal, an e-bomb would devastate any target that relies upon electricity: a category encompassing any potential military target and most civilian areas of the world as well. According to a CBS News report, the United States deployed an experimental e-bomb on March 24, 2003 to knock out Iraqi satellite television and disrupt the broadcast of propaganda.

Vocabulary (शब्द संग्रह)

Word	Meaning	अर्थ
Altruist	A person who loves every body	परोपकारी
Amateur	One who does something not professionally but for pleasure	शौकिया, नौसिखुआ
Ambassador	A person representing a state in a foreign country.	राजदूत
Ambidextrous	Of a person who can use both hands equally well	उभयहस्ता, दोनों हाथ इस्तेमाल करने मैं निपुण
Ambiguous	A sentence whose meaning is unclear	अस्पष्ट, दुविधापूर्ण

Spice/utensils/Food Grains (स्पाइस / बर्तन / अनाज)

अजवायन	carom seed, celery, parsley, thymol
काजू	cashew nuts, cashew
अखरोट	nut
दालचीनी	cinnamon
लौंग	clove

Antonyms and Synonyms (विलोम और समानार्थक)

Famous Antonym

निरक्षर	(illiterate)	साक्षर	(literate)
आरोह	(ascent)	अवरोह	(descent)
सत्य	(truth)	मिथ्या	(lie)
योगी	(saint)	भोगी	(enjoyer)
राजतन्त्र	(aristocracy)	प्रजातन्त्र	(democracy)

Synonyms (समानार्थक)

Bizarre - Weird	विचित्र - अजीब
Blank - Empty	खाली
Brave - Bold	बहादुर - बोल्ड
Broad - Wide	ब्रॉड - वाइड
Bucket - Pail	बाल्टी - बाल्टी

ToLesson Proverbs (आज नीतिवचन)

Idioms :  Birds of same feather flock together.

Idioms :  Do evil & look for like.

Idioms :  Good mind, good find.

Important Words (महत्वपूर्ण शब्द)

against	के खिलाफ
agree	सहमत
air	हवा
airplane	हवाई-जहाज़
airport	हवाई-अड्डा

Shopping for a friend (दोस्त के लिए खरीददारी करना कि बातचीत)

Karen:	मैं खरीददारी करने जा रही हूँ. क्या तुम मेरे साथ आना चाहते हो? I'm going shopping. Do you want to come?
Jason:	मैंने सोचा तुम कल खरीददारी के लिए गयी थी? I thought you went shopping yesterLesson.
Karen:	मैं गयी थी, लेकिन एक पुराने दोस्त ने मुझे कल रात फोन किया और मुझे अपने जन्मदिन पार्टी पर न्योता दिया. मुझे उसके लिए एक तोफ़ा खरीदनी है I did, but an old friend called me last night and invited me to his birthLesson party. I need to buy a gift for him.
Jason:	अच्छा. तुम उसके लिए क्या खरीदने जा रही हो? I see. What are you going to get him?
Karen:	मुझे बिलकुल पता नहीं है कि उसको क्या पसन्द है. मैंने बहुत समय तक उसको नहीं देखा. तुम्हे क्या लगता है? I really have no idea what he likes. I haven't seen him in a long time. What do you think?
Jason:	शायद केक? Maybe a cake?
Karen:	अच्छा विचार है, लेकिन मुझे लगता है कि शायद मुझे उसके लिए कुछ और लेना है, जैसे कुछ वह पहन सके Well, that's a good idea, but I think I should probably get him something else, like something he can wear.
Jason:	स्वेटर कैसा रहेगा? मैंने उस दिन मॉल में एक बहुत अच्छा वाला देखा. शायद हम वहाँ जाकर वह देख सकते हैं How about a sweater? I saw a really nice one in the mall the other Lesson. Maybe we can go there and take a look.
Karen:	ठीक है, वह कौन से दुकान में था? OK, what store was it in?
Jason:	वह मेसीस में था. मुझे लगता है कि इस वीकेंड को उनका सेल लगा है It was at Macy's. I think they're having a sale this weekend.
Karen:	वह बहुत अच्छा दुकान है. मुझे वहाँ के कपडे बहुत पसन्द है Oh, that's a really nice store. I like the clothes there.

What is your major? (आपका मुख्या विषय क्या है? कि बातचीत)

Tim:	डायेन, तुम यहाँ क्या कर रही हो? Hey Diane, what are you doing here?
Diane:	नमस्ते टिम, तुम कैसे हो? मैं एक दोस्त के लिए इंतज़ार कर रही हूँ Hi, Tim, how are you? I'm waiting for a friend.
Tim:	मैंने सुना है कि तुम इस गरमी के मौसम में अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी कर रही हो? क्या यह सच है? I heard you're going to graduate this summer. Is that true?
Diane:	हाँ. अगर सब कुछ ठीक गया तो. मुझे अपना स्नातक उपाधी अगस्त में मिल जायेगा. फिर मुझे नौकरी कि तलाश करनी पड़ेगी Yes. If everything goes alright, I'll be getting my bachelors degree in August. Then I need to start looking for a job.
Tim:	मुझे पिछले साल वह करना पड़ा. आसान नहीं था. क्या तुम्हारे पास कोई नौकरी है? I had to do that last year. It wasn't easy. Do you have any job offers?
Diane:	नहीं, अभी तक नहीं. मैंने बहुत सारे अपने विवरण भेजें हैं, लेकिन कोई जवाब नहीं मिला. अभी नौकरी मिलना बहुत मुश्किल है No, not yet. I sent out a lot of resumes, but I didn't receive many responses. It's pretty hard to find a job right now.
Tim:	तुम्हारा मुख्या विषय क्या है? What's your major?
Diane:	मनोशास्त्र Psychology.
Tim:	जब मैंने विश्वविद्यालय शुरू किया था, तब वहीँ मेरा मुख्या विषय था, लेकिन पहले साल के बाद मैंने इंजीनियरी में बदल दी That was my major when I started college, but I switched to engineering after the first year.
Diane:	मुझे लगता है इंजीनियरों केलिए नौकरी मिलना ज़्यादा आसान है I think it's easier for engineers to find a job.
Tim:	वो पता नहीं. मुझे लगभग तीन महीने लगे नौकरी ढूँढने में. आखिर में बहुत सारे नौकरी वेबसाइट पर अपना विवरण डालने के बाद मुझे एक नौकरी मिल सका I'm not sure about that. It took me about 3 months to find a job. I finally was able to get a job after I put my resume on one of those job websites.
Diane:	वैसे भी, कोई माईने नहीं रखता. अगर मैं नौकरी नहीं ढूँढ पाती तो शायद मैं परास्नातक उपाधी पाने के लिए विश्वविद्यालय जाऊँगी Anyway, it really doesn't matter. If I can't find a job I'll probably go back to school to get my Masters degree.

Go to cinema halls to watch movies (फिल्में देखने के लिए सिनेमा हॉल जाना कि बातचीत)

Jerry:	एन, आज रात आप क्या करना चाहती है? Ann what do you want to do tonight?
Ann:	मैं पिक्चर देखने जाना चाहती हूँ I'd like to go see a movie.
Jerry:	मैंने सुना है सिनेमा घर में "टैटानिक" चल रही है I heard Titanic is playing at the movie theater.
Ann:	मैंने सुना है कि वह अच्छी पिक्चर है. वह कितने बजे शुरू होती है? Oh, I've heard that's a good movie. What time does it start?
Jerry:	साढ़े छः बजे. वह लम्बी पिक्चर है. मुझे लगता है कि वह तीन घंटे तक चलती है 6:30PM. It's a long movie. I think it lasts for about 3 hours.
Ann:	क्या आप आकर मुझे ले जायेंगे? Will you come and pick me up?
Jerry:	कितने बजे? What time?
Ann:	मुझे लगता है कि हमको वहाँ जल्दी पहुँचना चाहिए क्योंकि हो सकता है कि वे सारे टिकेट बेच दें. क्या शाम को पाँच बजे ठीक रहेगा? I think we should get there early because they might be sold out. Is 5:00PM OK?
Jerry:	हाँ, वह ठीक रहेगा. मैं आपको आपके घर के सामने पाँच बजे मिलूँगा. Yes, that'll be fine. I'll meet you at your house at 5:00PM.
Ann:	क्या आप पिक्चर से पहले कुछ खाने के लिए लेना चाहते है? Do you want to get something to eat before the movie?
Jerry:	मुझे नहीं लगता कि उसके लिए समय होगा. अगर आप चाहती है तो हम सिनेमा घर में पॉप कॉर्न और हॉट दोग्स खा सकते है I'm not sure there will be enough time for that. We can have popcorn and hot dogs at the theater if you want.
Ann:	मुझे वहाँ का पॉप कॉर्न पसन्द नहीं. मुझे लगता है कि वे उसमें बहुत ज्यादा नमक डालते है I don't like the popcorn they have there. I think they put too much salt on it.
Jerry:	ठीक हैं, फिर मैं आपको थोडी जल्दी लेने आऊँगा और हम सिनेमा घर के बगल में थाई भोजनालय में जा सकते है. क्या वह ठीक रहेगा? OK then, I'll pick you up a little earlier and we can go to the Thai restaurant next to the theater, is that OK?
Ann:	हाँ, मुझे वह जगह पसन्द है Yes, I like that place.

Do you Speak English ? (क्या आप अंग्रेजी बोलते/बोलती है? कि बातचीत)

Mary:	माफ़ कीजिये, क्या आप अमरीकी है? Excuse me, are you American?
Robert:	नहीं No.
Mary:	क्या आप अंग्रेजी बोलते है? Do you speak English?
Robert:	थोडा सा लेकिन बहुत अच्छी तरह नहीं A little, but not very well.
Mary:	आप कब से यहाँ है? How long have you been here?
Robert:	दो महीने 2 months.
Mary:	आप काम के लिए क्या करते/करती है? What do you do for work?
Robert:	मैं विद्यार्थी हूँ. और आप? I'm a student. How about you?
Mary:	मैं भी विद्यार्थी हूँ I'm a student too.

Phone in the office (दफ़्तर में फ़ोन कि बातचीत)

Matadin:	नमस्ते? Hello?
Babita:	नमस्ते, क्या वहाँ जेम्स है? Hi, is Matadin there please?
Matadin:	हाँ. कौन बोल रहे है? Yes. Who's calling?
Babita:	लिन्डा Babita.
Matadin:	ज़रा एक मिनट One moment please.
Babita:	ठीक है OK.
Matadin:	नमस्ते? Hello?
Babita:	नमस्ते जेम्स, मैं लिन्डा बोल रही हूँ Hi Matadin, it's Babita.
Matadin:	नमस्ते लिन्डा Hi Babita.
Babita:	अब आप क्या कर रहे है? What are you doing now?
Matadin:	मैं काम कर रहा हूँ I'm working.
Babita:	क्या आप व्यस्त है? Are you busy?
Matadin:	हाँ. आज पूरा दिन बहुत व्यस्त रहा है Yes. It's been really busy here all Lesson.
Babita:	आप कितने बजे काम से छूटते है? What time do you get off of work?
Matadin:	साढ़े आठ बजे 8:30PM
Babita:	मैं आपको साढ़े आठ बजे के बाद वापस बुलाऊंगी I'll call you back after 8:30PM
Matadin:	ठीक है. आपसे बाद में बात करता हूँ OK. Talk to you later.
Babita:	अल्विदा Bye bye.

SMS and online chat Abbreviations (एसएमएस और ऑनलाइन चैट संक्षिप्त)

Abbreviation	Description
AFIAA	As Far As I Am Aware
AFINIAFI	A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed
AIMB	As I Mentioned Before
AISE	As I Said Earlier
AISI	As I see it
AKA	Also Known As

Smileys Meaning (स्माइलीज अर्थ)

Emotions	Meaning
:-)8<	Big Girl
(((H)))	Big Hug
:-X	Big Wet Kiss
?-(	Black Eye
(:-	Blank Expression

Common Mistakes To Be Avoided (आम गलतियों को टाला जा सकता)

Many English speakers are confused about the usage of the words ‘can’ and ‘may’. For example, ‘Can I drink water?’ is incorrect. ‘May I drink water?’ is the correct phrase to use in this case.

The key difference between ‘can’ and ‘may’ is that ‘can’ talks about ability and ‘may’ talks about permission.

CAN

Can is used in two cases:

To talk about ability.

• I can finish my homework by 5 pm.
• Can you finish your homework tonight?

To ask or give permission informally.

• Can I use your pen? (To a friend)
• You can use my pen. (To a friend)

MAY

May is generally used to ask or give permission formally.

Let us take a situation between a student and a teacher.

• May I drink water?
• Teacher: Yes, you may.

Let us take a situation between two strangers.

• May I borrow your pen?
• Yes, you may.

English Improving ,Tips of the Lesson (अंग्रेजी में सुधार, दिन की टिप्स)

Use your downtime to practice

This can be as easy as listening to cassettes in your car, reading an English book during your break, or reviewing flashcards on the bus. A work commute is a particularly good time to study. 

Focus on your interests

Read about your hobbies in English, or if acting is your thing, join an English drama group. You'll feel more energized to study something you enjoy! 

Use the shower

Why not use this alone time to practice speaking and going over the events of your Lesson in English? Speaking is very important in learning a language. Reading aloud is also helpful, but a shower might not be the best time for this! 

Review before bedtime

Spend just a short time quickly reviewing important information just before you go to sleep. Studies have shown that your brain processes information that is fresh in your mind while you sleep. 

Don't get discouraged

Sometimes it will seem as though you're not making progress when, in fact, you are. Don't give up, and you will surely see the benefits in the end.